NEET Biology Degradation By Improper Resource Utilisation Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise Degradation by Improper Resource Utilisation

Question 1. Environment (Protection) Act, to protect and improve the quality of our environmental air, water, and soil was passed in the year.

  1. 1971
  2. 1974
  3. 1981
  4. 1986

Answer: 4. 1986

The Environment (Protection) Act in 1986, noticeably brought the protection of air, water, and soil quality and the control of environmental pollutants, including noise, under its preview.

Question 2. Soil erosion is

  1. The Process Of Formation Of Soil
  2. The Process Of Removal And Transport Of Soil By Human Activities, Wind And Water
  3. The Natural Ability Of Soil Filtering Off Harmful Pollutants
  4. A Process often referred to as the ‘greenhouse’ effect

Answer: 2. The Process Of Removal And Transport Of Soil By Human Activities, Wind And Water

Soil erosion occurs when the soil is blown away by the wind or washed away by the rain. So, it is the process of removal and transport of soil by human activities, wind, and water.

Question 3. In India, soil erosion is mainly a result of

  1. Jhum Cultivation
  2. Deforestation
  3. Drought
  4. Less rainfall

Answer: 2. Deforestation

Soil erosion is mainly as a result of deforestation in India. Deforestation is the removal of a forest or stand of trees where the land is there after converted to non-forest use. Examples of deforestation include the conversion of forest land to farms, ranches, or urban use.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

NEET Biology Degradation By Improper Resource Utilisation Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 4. Human activities that result in the removal of fertile topsoil is

  1. Overuse Of Agricultural Land
  2. Overgrazing
  3. Deforestation and poor irrigation practices
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

All given options are human activities in the removal of fertile top soil. Overcultivation, unrestricted grazing (over grazing), over use of agricultural land, and deforestation are poor irrigation practices. Humans play a major role in soil erosion through their use and abuse of natural resources, e.g. deforestation, grazing, faulty farming systems, high crop intensity, housing construction by cutting plant mining, etc.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 5. Which of the statements given below are correct about desertification?

  1. Conversion of former moist and fertile land into an arid desert area.
  2. It is a product of soil erosion.
  3. Desertified areas cannot be put to any use.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Only 1
  2. Only 3
  3. Only 2
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2, and 3

All given statements are correct about desertification as Desertification is a type of land degradation in which, a relatively dry land region becomes increasingly arid, typically losing its bodies of water as well as vegetation and wildlife. Desertified areas cannot be put to any use. The main cause of desertification is overgrazing others being soil erosion and deforestation.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 6. Identify the chief contributing factor to desertification.

  1. Overgrazing
  2. Human developmental activities
  3. Irrigated agriculture
  4. Population

Answer: 2. Human developmental activities

The chief contributing factor to desertification is human developmental activities.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 7. If an agricultural field is liberally irrigated for a prolonged period of time, it is likely to face the problem

  1. Metal Toxicity
  2. Alkalinity
  3. Acidity
  4. Salinity

Answer: 4. Salinity

The salinity of soil is a problem faced by farmers if they liberally irrigate agricultural fields for a prolonged period of time. Irrigation salinity is the accumulation of salts in the topsoil under irrigation. It is caused by over-irrigation of agricultural land, inefficient water use, poor drainage and the irrigation of unsuitable and leaky soil.

Question 8. The best way to conserve our water resources is

  1. Rain Water Harvesting
  2. Sustainable Water Utilisation
  3. Encouragement of natural regeneration of vegetation
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

All given options are the best ways to conserve our water resources.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 9. Which one of the following factors is the main culprit for large-scale salinization in the country?

  1. Acid rain
  2. Use of pesticides
  3. Intensive irrigation without adequate drainage
  4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Intensive irrigation without adequate drainage

Water logging and salinisation of soils are common problems associated with surface irrigation. Irrigation-induced salinity can arise as a result of the use of any irrigation water, irrigation of saline water, etc., combined with inadequate leaching. Since all surface and ground water contain salts to varying degrees, intensive irrigation without drainage is often seen as the primary culprit for bringing salts into the field.

Question 10. Consider the following statements.

  1. Soil can be eroded by wind and water if not covered with vegetation.
  2. Water logging is observed in soils where excessive irrigation is carried out.
  3. Increase in salinity is detrimental to agriculture.

Choose the option containing the correct statement(s).

  1. Only 2
  2. Only 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2, and 3

All given statements are correct as Fertile topsoil takes hundreds of years to develop. Soil without a vegetation cover is eroded by both wind and water. A sandy patch is formed. Water logging in soil results from irrigation without proper drainage of water. This affects the plants and draws salts to the soil surface. The salt is either deposited as a layer on the land surface or collected at the root of plants. Increased salt concentration damages agriculture.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 11. Fill up the blanks.

  1. Low drainage capacity of soil and increased irrigation causes …A…
  2. A consequence of water logging is an increase in …B… and a decrease in …C…
  3. …D… was brought out to ensure a said minimum percentage of forest cover in the country.

Choose The Correct Option.

  1. A–water logging, B–root formation, C–aeration, D–Environment (Protection) Act
  2. A–water logging, B–salinity, C–aeration, D–National Forest Policy
  3. A–soil succession, B–leaves formation, C–nutrition, D–The National Forest Policy, 1989
  4. A–desertification, B–fruits, C–minerals, D–The National Forest Policy, 1986

Answer: 2. A–water logging, B–salinity, C–aeration, D–National Forest Policy

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Question 12. Forests in India, according to Central Forestry Commission (1980) are about

  1. 19.4%
  2. 18.3%
  3. 30%
  4. 14.0%

Answer: 1. 19.4%

Forests in India according to Central Forestry Commission (1980) are about 19.4%. The total forest cover in India as of 2015 is 79.42 million hectares, i.e. 24.16% of India’s geographical area.

Question 13. The Earth Summit at Rio de Janeiro was held with the theme of

  1. Conservation of Energy
  2. Conservation of Forests and Biodiversity
  3. Saving Natural Resources
  4. Saving Animals in Wild

Answer: 2. Conservation of Forests and Biodiversity

United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), by name of Earth Summit, a conference held at Rio de Janeiro, Brazil (June 3-14, 1992), to reconcile worldwide economic development with the protection of the environment.

Question 14. India has lost almost 40% of her …A… and about 1% of …B…

  1. A–Gangetic plains, B–Deccan plateau
  2. A–tropical forest, B–temperate forest
  3. A–Temperate forest, B–tropical forest
  4. A–Western ghats, B–deciduous forest

Answer: 2. A–tropical forest, B–temperate forest

Almost 40% of forests have been lost in the tropics, i.e. tropical forests,s and 1% of forests in the temperate region (B)

Question 15. The permanent removal, decrease, or deterioration of forests and woodlands is called

  1. Deforestation
  2. Afforestation
  3. Reforestation
  4. Forestation

Answer: 1. Deforestation

The permanent removal, decrease or deterioration of forests and woodlands is called deforestation.

Question 16. Clearing of large areas of forest to fulfill the needs of the growing human population is called

  1. Deforestation
  2. Reforestation
  3. Depletion Of Forest
  4. Forest erosion

Answer: 1. Deforestation

Population growth possesses serious threat to the forest. The forest is the basic needs of everyday life as they provide us with food, shelter and raw materials for other essentialities, but these forests are deforested for fulfilling the increasing demands of overpopulation like clearing of forests for agriculture, industries, urban area, etc. It is known as deforestation.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 17. Deforestation leads to

  1. Soil Erosion
  2. Global Warming
  3. Soil protection
  4. Both 1 and 2

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 2

Deforestation leads to climate change, desertification, soil erosion, fewer crops, flooding, increased greenhouse gases in the atmosphere (global warming), and a host of problems for indigenous people.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 18. Which of the following are responsible for deforestation?

  1. Clearing of land for agriculture
  2. Obtaining land for the construction of roads, buildings, and dams
  3. Selling of wood for foreign exchange
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

All given options are responsible for deforestation. Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 19. Identify the deleterious effects of deforestation.

  1. CO2 concentration increases.
  2. Habitat destruction leads to loss of biodiversity.
  3. Disturbance in the hydrologic cycle.
  4. Desertification.

Choose the option containing the correct statements.

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2, 3 and 4
  3. 1, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1,2,3 and 4

All given statements are correct deleterious effects of deforestation. Deforestation can result in an increase in carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration in the atmosphere because trees that could hold a lot of carbon in their biomass are lost with deforestation. Deforestation also causes loss of biodiversity due to habitat destruction, disturbs the hydrologic cycle, causes soil erosion, and may lead to desertification in extreme cases.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 20. Given below are the effects of deforestation. Identify the incorrect effect.

  1. Results in soil erosion
  2. Rainfall and weather pattern is affected
  3. Nutrient cycling occurs at a faster rate
  4. A large number of fauna lose their natural habitat

Answer: 3. Nutrient cycling occurs at a faster rate

Option 3 is the incorrect effect of deforestation whereas the rest options are correct as Deforestation can have many impacts including increased rates of soil erosion, decreased levels of rainfall, and destroys natural habitats of wildlife.

Question 21. Assertion Deforestation is one main factor contributing to global warming. Reason (R) Besides CO2, two other gases, methane and CFCs are also included under greenhouse gases.

  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
  2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
  3. A is true, but R is false
  4. Both A and R are false

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A. Deforestation reduces the number of trees that can efficiently use carbon dioxide for the process of photosynthesis. So, the concentration of carbon dioxide increase in the atmosphere, thereby making deforestation one of the main factor contributing to global warming. This is because carbon dioxide is a potent greenhouse gas. Besides carbon dioxide, methane, and CFCs are also greenhouse gases, but they are not due to deforestation. Methane release due to organic eruptions. CFCs are use as refrigerants.

Question 22. Consider the following statements regarding deforestation.

  1. It is the removal, decrease, or deterioration of forest cover of an area.
  2. It leads to soil erosion.
  3. Deforestation often causes flash floods.
  4. The deforested area can be used variously as cropland, industrial area, residential area, fallow land, etc.

Choose the option containing the correct statements.

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2, 3 and 4
  3. 1, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1,2,3, and 4

All given statements are correct as Deforestation is the conversion of forested areas to non-forested areas. It generally increases rate of soil erosion. Deforestation and soil erosion cause floods and droughts, as upper layers of soil become vulnerable to water and wind erosion. It includes the conversion of forest land to farms, ranches or urban use.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 23. Deforestation may reduce the chances of

  1. Rainfall
  2. Frequent Cyclones
  3. Erosion Of Surface Soil
  4. Frequent landslides

Answer: 1. Rainfall

Destruction of forests is called deforestation and in the absence of plants, water cycle gets disturbed as less transpiration is seen. So, deforestation reduces the chances of rainfall.

Question 24. Which of the following will not lead to deforestation?

  1. Expansion of human settlements.
  2. Awareness on the importance of forests.
  3. Construction of dams.
  4. Conservation through the establishment of protected areas.
  5. The demand of wood.
  6. Expansion of cash crop cultivation.
  7. Stricter environmental laws.

Which of the statements given above is correct?

  1. 1, 2, and 3
  2. 3, 4 and 5
  3. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  4. 2, 4 and 7

Answer: 2,4, and 7

Statements 2, 4 and 7 will not lead to deforestation. Deforestation can be avoided by spreading awareness about forest, conserving areas of forest, and implementing strict environmental laws. Rest statements lead to deforestation.

Question 25. Slash-and-burn agriculture is called

  1. Mixed Farming
  2. Plantation Agriculture
  3. Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation)
  4. All of the above

Answer: 3. Jhum cultivation (shifting cultivation)

Slash and burn farming is a form of Jhum cultivation (shifting agriculture) where the natural vegetation is cut down and burned as a method of clearing the land for cultivation and then, when the plot becomes infertile, the farmer moves to a new fresh plot and does the same again. This process is repeated over and over.

Question 26. Jhum cultivation in India is observed mainly in

  1. North Eastern States of India
  2. Western ghats
  3. Gangetic plains
  4. Coastal Areas of India

Answer: 1. North Eastern States of India

Jhum cultivation in India is observed mainly in the North-Eastern states of India. It refers to tribal methods of shifting cultivation.

Question 27. The shifting cultivation method called jhum belongs to the category of

  1. Industrial Forestry
  2. Agroforestry
  3. Commercial Forestry
  4. Social Forestry
  5. Conservation Forestry

Answer: 2. Agroforestry

The shifting cultivation method called Jhum belongs to the category of agroforestry.

Question 28. Which of the following practices has caused maximum damage to the biodiversity of Indian forests?

  1. Selective harvesting
  2. Block cutting
  3. Taungya cultivation
  4. Jhum cultivation

Answer: 4. Jhum cultivation

Jhum cultivation involves felling and burning of forests, followed by cultivation of crops for a few years and abandoning cultivation to allow the forest to regrow, but the major disadvantage is the loss of diversity of species.

Question 29. Which of the statements given below are correct about Jhum cultivation?

  1. Also called the ‘slash and burn’ farming practice in the North-Eastern states of India.
  2. Trees are cut down and plant remains are burnt.
  3. The ash is used as a fertiliser and land is either cultivated or left for cattle grazing.
  4. After cultivation, the land is left fallow for several years to recover.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 2, 3 and 4
  3. 1, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1,2,3 and 4

All given statements are correct as Jhum cultivation or slash and burn agriculture is the farming practice in the North-Eastern States of India. In this process, the farmers cut trees and burn plant remains. The land is then used for farming, cattle grazing, and the ash is used as a fertilizer. After cultivation, the land is left barren for years to recover.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 30. What percentage of the total area in hilly regions does the National Forest Policy (1988) suggest to be under forests?

  1. 67%
  2. 33%
  3. 64%
  4. 34%

Answer: 1. 67%

The percentage of forest cover recommended National Forest Policy (1988) is 33% in plains, 67% in hills. The Indian National Forest Policy focuses on the importance of forests in maintaining ecological balance and environmental stability. So, the correct answer is option 1.

Question 31. A renewable exhaustible natural resource is

  1. Coal
  2. Petroleum
  3. Minerals
  4. Forest

Answer: 4. Forest

Exhaustible resources are those natural resources that are likely to be exhausted due to their continuous use. The forest is a renewable exhaustible resource that can be again and again produced. Coal, petroleum, and minerals are non-renewable exhaustible natural resources that cannot be again produced.

Question 32. The heaviest demand for forest products in India belongs to

  1. Fuel Industry
  2. Timber Industry
  3. Agricultural Tools
  4. Medicinal industry

Answer: 1. Fuel Industry

In India, the heaviest demand for forests is as a fuel, i.e. fuel industry.

Question 33. Prevention of soil pollution can be brought about by

  1. Increasing Bird Population
  2. Afforestation
  3. Removal Of Vegetation
  4. Encouraging Overgrazing

Answer: 2. Afforestation

Afforestation is the process of establishing a forest on land that is not a forest or has not been a forest for a long time by planting trees or seeds. Soil erosion occurs when the soil is blown away by the wind or washed away by the rain. The roots of trees/plants hold the soil. Thus, when more trees are planted their roots do not allow the soil to be blown or washed away and prevent soil erosion.

Question 34. Restoring a forest cover over an area that once housed a forest, but was removed at some point of time in the past is called

  1. Reforestation
  2. Afforestation
  3. Both 1 And 2
  4. Deforestation

Answer: 1. Reforestation

Restoring a forest cover over an area that once housed a forest, but was removed at some point of time in the past is called reforestation. Reforestation is the natural or intentional restocking of existing forests and woodlands that have been depleted, usually through deforestation.

Question 35. Reforestation helps in 

  1. Increasing Fertility Of Soil
  2. Reducing Floods
  3. Preventing Soil Erosion
  4. Preventing desertification
  5. All of the above

Answer: 5. All of the above

All given options help in reforestation. Reforestation is an inexpensive, but slow process for flood control. It improves soil fertility, reduces desertification and soil erosion.

Thus, option 5 is correct.

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Question 36. Consider the following statements.

  1. Reforestation is the process of restoring a forest that once existed but was removed at some point of time in the past.
  2. Reforestation can occur naturally in a deforested area due to a forest fire.
  3. A tree plantation movement or Van Mahotsava is being carried out in India since 1950.

Choose the option containing the correct statements.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2 and 3

All given statements are correct as Reforestation is restoring a forest cover over an area where one existed earlier, but was removed at some point of time in the past. It may occur naturally in a deforested area. A tree plantation movement or Van Mahotsava is being carried out in India since 1950. Under this movement, both government and private agencies perform tree plantation during July and February every year. In these months, the soil has sufficient water to support the growth of plants.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 37. Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award is conferred to individuals or communities based in

  1. Rural Areas
  2. Urban areas
  3. NGOs
  4. Hilly areas

Answer: 1. Rural Areas

In 1731, a Bishnoi woman, Amrita Devi showed exemplary courage by hugging a tree to prevent its cutting. Government of India has recently instituted, the Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award for individuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting wildlife.

Question 38. Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award is presented to those who have shown exemplary courage in

  1. Reducing Greenhouse Effect
  2. Reducing Air Pollution
  3. Reducing Global Warming
  4. Protecting wildlife

Answer: 4. Protecting wildlife

In 1731, a Bishnoi woman, Amrita Devi showed exemplary courage by hugging a tree to prevent its cutting. Government of India has recently instituted, the Amrita Devi Bishnoi Wildlife Protection Award for individuals or communities from rural areas that have shown extraordinary courage and dedication in protecting wildlife.

Question 39. Chipko Movement was launched for the protection of

  1. Forests
  2. Livestock
  3. Wetlands
  4. Grasslands

Answer: 1. Forests

Chipko Movement was launched for the protection of forests. It refers to the unique form of protest adopted by the rural people in the Himalayan region of India in the 1970s and 1980s, against the discriminatory logging and felling of trees that spelled the destruction of their environment. The first Chipko action occurred in April 1973. Over the next five years, the movement spread to several Hill Districts in Uttar Pradesh. In 1980, Chipko activists won a fifteen-year ban on green felling in the Himalayan forests.

Question 40. Chipko Movement was first led by 

  1. Sundarlal Bahuguna
  2. Rajiv Gandhi
  3. Ramdeo Misra
  4. Indira Gandhi

Answer: 1. Sundarlal Bahuguna

Chipko movement was first led under the leadership of Mr. Sunderlal Bahuguna. He presented a plan regarding the ban on tree felling in the Himalayas at the United Nations Environmental Programme (UNEP) meeting held in London in 1982.

Question 41. The aim of the Chipko Movement was to

  1. Create Awareness On Human Rights
  2. Create Awareness On Political Rights
  3. Expand Land Under Agricultural
  4. Expand land under forest cover

Answer: 4. Expand land under forest cover

The Chipko Movement refers to the conservation of trees in the Garhwal region of the Himalayas by the local women. It is an ecological movement started by Sunderlal Bahuguna which has won praises from world around. So, the aim of the Chipko movement was to expand land under forest cover.

Question 42. Which of the statements given below are correct about Chipko Movement?

  1. It is a movement initially meant for protecting trees, but is now meant for the preservation of the environment including habitat and wildlife.
  2. It was started in Garhwal, Himalayas in 1973 by Shri Sunderlal Bahuguna to prevent the cutting of trees.
  3. Local women hugged trees to prevent their cutting by the contractor.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2, and 3

All given statements are correct as Chipko Movement is a movement initially meant for protecting trees but is now meant for the preservation of the environment including habitat and wildlife. Chipko Movement was initiated in March 1973 in Gopeshwar in Chamoli district. Finally, Sunderlal Bahuguna started organized Chipko Andolan in Garhwal Himalayas (Uttarakhand), when in 1974, local women of Advani Village in Tehri Garhwal tied sacred thread around the trees to protect them from the axe of contractors by hugging them.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 43. The Joint Forest Management concept was introduced in India during

  1. 1980s
  2. 1990s
  3. 1960s
  4. 1970s

Answer: 1. 1980s

The Joint Forest Management concept was introduced in India in the 1980s.

Question 44. The concept of Joint Forest Management (JFM) involves

  1. Working Of Government And Local Communities Together To Protect forests for mutual benefits
  2. NGOs coming together to protect forests in an area and obtain products from forests
  3. Conservation Of Forest By The State Government And Central Governments
  4. Taking over of agricultural land by the state government to convert to forest

Answer: 1. Working Of Government And Local Communities Together To Protect forests for mutual benefits

In 1980, the Government of India introduced the concept of ‘Joint Forest Management (JFM)’ to work closely with the local communities for protecting and managing forests on mutual benefit.

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