NEET Biology Evidence Of Evolution Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQs with answers for NEET Evidence Of Evolution

Question 1. The study of fossils is called

  1. Autecology
  2. Entomology
  3. Palaeontology
  4. Anthropology

Answer: 3. Palaeontology

Palaeontology is the study of past life based on fossils and their impressions.

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Question 2. Fossils are remains of

  1. The hard part of lifeforms found in rocks
  2. The light part of lifeforms found in rocks
  3. Protein and bones of lifeforms found in rocks
  4. Fat and protein of lifeforms found in rocks

Answer: 1. Hard part of lifeforms found in rocks

Fossils are the remains of hard parts of lifeforms found in rocks. Rocks form sediments and the cross-section of the earth’s crust indicates the arrangement of sediments one over the other during the long history of the earth.

Question 3. The appearance of fossils in different sedimentary layers indicates

  1. The physiological period in which they existed
  2. A geological period in which they existed
  3. Conditions in which they were living
  4. All of the above

Answer: 2. Geological period in which they existed

A variety of fossils ranging from modern organisms to extinct organisms can be observed and depicted by evolution. Most of the fossils are found in sedimentary rock.

By studying the different sedimentary layers, the geological time period in which the organisms existed can be predicted.

Question 4. According to Darwinism, fossils of organisms found in South America resemble most of the fossils of Odisha

  1. North America
  2. Africa
  3. Australia
  4. Both 1 and 2

Answer: 3. Australia

Fossils of the organism found in south America resemble most of the fossils of Australia.

The reason behind this is that South America and Australia were once continuous without any physical barrier, but got separated in late Cretaceous period due to continental drifting.

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NEET Biology Evidence Of Evolution Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 5. Which of the following is an example of ‘living fossils’?

  1. Pinus
  2. Riccia
  3. Gnetum
  4. Ginkgo

Answer: 4. Ginkgo

Ginkgo biloba, a gymnosperm is at present confined to the eastern part of china and Japan. Ginkgoales order is represented in the present age by a sole survivor, ginkgo biloba. By many palaeobotanists, it is regarded as a living fossil.

Question 6. Which one of the following is categorised under living fossils?

  1. Pinus
  2. Cycas
  3. Selaginella
  4. Metasequoia

Answer: 2. Cycas

Cycas and ginkgo are often considered living fossils because they are only living representatives of an extinct large group of plants (which was once a well-flourished group) and possess traits of extinct pteridosperms and other gymnosperms.

Question 7. Which of the following provides the most evident proof of evolution?

  1. Fossils
  2. Morphology
  3. Embryo
  4. Vestigial organs

Answer: 1. Fossils

Fossils, morphology, embryo and vestigial organs provide evidence for evolution. Among them, paleontological proofs (fossil) provide the most concrete evidence.

Fossils are the remains or traces of any organisms that lived in the geological past.

If fossils are arranged age-wise from oldest to youngest, we get evidence for successive changes in their structure that leads to evolution.

Question 8. Fossilisation would occur when flora and fauna are buried by

  1. Natural processes
  2. Industrial processes
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Natural processes

Fossils are the remains of or impressions left in rocks by, long-dead animals and plants. They are formed in sedimentary rocks, amber, volcanic gas, ice, peat bogs and soil, etc., By natural processes.

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Question 9. The type of fossil where hard parts like bone or trunks of trees are preserved is known as

  1. Petrifaction
  2. Moulds
  3. Compression
  4. Pseudofossil

Answer: 1. Petrifaction

Petrifaction is the fossilisation of hard parts of animals such as bones, teeth, shells, exoskeletons, woody parts of plants, etc.

The soft tissues are disintegrated and the hard parts are buried into sediment. The less permanent parts are preserved by replacement of the original with minerals such as silica, sulphur, etc. The resulting fossil retains not only the external features but also all minute details

Question 10. Most petroleum-bearing regions show the presence of fossil states of

  1. Tetrahymena
  2. Radiolaria
  3. Paramecium
  4. Trichonympha

Answer: 2. Radiolaria

Radiolarians (also radiolaria) are amoeboid protozoans that produce intricate mineral skeletons, typically with a central capsule dividing the cell into inner and outer portions, called endoplasm and ectoplasm. They are found as plankton throughout the ocean and their shells are important fossils found from the Cambrian onwards.

Radiolaria are present in the fossil record from as early as the lower Cambrian, but the earliest well-preserved specimens are from the lower Ordovician limestones of Spitsbergen.

So, most petroleum-bearing regions show the presence of these organisms (like radiolaria and foraminifera) in the fossil state. Their study has been found useful in the oil-bearing strata of the earth in different regions of the world.

Question 11. To cuvier, the differences in fossils from different strata were evidence for

  1. Divine creation
  2. Evolution by natural selection
  3. Continental drift
  4. Local catastrophic events such as droughts or floods

Answer: 4. Local catastrophic events such as droughts or floods

To Cuvier, the differences in fossils from different strata were evidence for local catastrophic events such as droughts or floods

Question 12. The oldest fossil record from India is of a blue-green alga which is 2.9 billion years old. It is

  1. Archaea spheroids
  2. Archaeopteryx
  3. Chlamydomonas
  4. Stromatolites

Answer: 1. Archaea spheroids

Archaea spheroids are the oldest known sign of life (3.2 billion years). Its fossil was first of all discovered in Barberton valley of south africa. In India, its fossils were recorded to be 2.9 billion years old.

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Question 13. Fossilised faecal material of animals is known as

  1. Copralites
  2. Compressions
  3. Moulds
  4. Casts

Answer: 1. Copralites

Copralite is a scientific name for fossilised faeces or the dropping of ancient animals. This term was coined by Dr. William Buckland (1829).

Question 14. The material used in determining the age of the fossil is …a… Its half-life is …b… Years. Here a and b refer to

  1. A–14c, b–5568
  2. A–l 0,000, b–14c
  3. A–14c, b–2268
  4. A–14c, b–2000

Answer: 1. A–14c, b–5568

Question 15. Fossil xis older than fossil if

  1. X was found deeper in sediment than y
  2. Y was found deeper in sediment than x
  3. Y had less vestigial organs
  4. Fossil y had a homologous and analogous organ of x

Answer: 1. X was found deeper in sediment than y

If the fossil is older than fossil y, then in the sedimentary rock, fossil x would be found deeper than fossil y. In sedimentation, the layers are deposited one above the other as time proceeds.

Question 16. Which one is an example of a living fossil?

  1. Coral
  2. Ascidia
  3. Octopus
  4. King crab

Answer: 1. Coral

Birbal Sahni (14th November 1891-10th April 1949) was an Indian palaeobotanist who studied the fossils of Indian subcontinents. He founded the birbal sahni institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow.

Question 17. Birbal Sahni was

  1. Palaeobotanist
  2. Zoologist
  3. Ornithologist
  4. Palaeozoologist

Answer: 1. Palaeobotanist

Birbal Sahni (14th November 1891-10th April 1949) was an Indian palaeobotanist who studied the fossils of Indian subcontinents. He founded the birbal sahni institute of Palaeobotany in Lucknow

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Question 18. Most of the fossils are found in which rock?

  1. Sedimentary rock
  2. Metamorphic rock
  3. Igneous rock
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Sedimentary rock

A variety of fossils ranging from modern organisms to extinct organisms can be observed and depicted by evolution.

Most of the fossils are found in sedimentary rock. By studying the different sedimentary layers, the geological time period in which the organisms existed can be
predicted.

Question 19. Which of the following isotopes is used for finding the fossil age having more than 4500 years?

  1. 238 U
  2. 14C
  3. 3H
  4. 206Pb

Answer: 1. 238 U

238 U which disintegrates into 206pb and has a half-life of 4.5 billion years is used for finding the age of very old fossils, i.e. More than 4500 years of age.

Question 20. The age of fossils in the past was generally determined by the radiocarbon method and other methods involving radioactive elements found in the rocks. More precise methods, which were used recently and led to the revision of the evolutionary periods for different groups of organisms, include

  1. Study of carbohydrates/proteins in fossils
  2. Study of the conditions of fossilisation
  3. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil dna
  4. Study of carbohydrates/proteins in rocks

Answer: 3. Electron spin resonance (ESR) and fossil dna

Esr of fossil dna is an advanced technique that is used to determine the age of fossils. Esr or electron spin resonance measures the number of charges occupying deep traps in a crystal band gap.

Electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) or electron spin resonance (ESR) is a spectroscopic technique which detects species that have unpaired electrons.

The molecule in question is a free radical if it is an organic molecule, or it is a transition metal ion if it is an inorganic complex.

Because most stable molecules have a closed-shell configuration without a suitable unpaired spin, the technique is less widely used than nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR).

The per was first discovered at Kazan state university by Soviet physicist Yevgeniy Zavoyski in 1944.

Question 21. Which one of the following is not a living fossil?

  1. Sphenodon
  2. Archaeopteryx
  3. Peripatus
  4. King crab

Answer: 2. Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx is a dead fossil (not living) found in the Mesozoic rocks. It is a connecting link between reptiles and birds.

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Question 22. Stromatolites, the first found fossils were of

  1. Archaebacteria
  2. Plantae
  3. Cyanobacteria
  4. Protozoa

Answer: 3. Cyanobacteria

The first oxygenic photosynthetic organisms were cyanobacteria, whereas the first anoxygenic organisms were bacteria, but the first available fossils (obtained from rocks dated 3500 million years ago) are stromatolites of blue-green algae and manganese bacteria

Question 23. Assertion amphibians have evolved from fishes. Reason (r) We can take the example of fossil, archaeopteryx.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 3. A is true, but r is false

Question 24. Footprints, trails, tracks and tunnels of various organisms made in the mud are rapidly filled in with sand and covered by sediments. This is an example of which of the following type of fossil?

  1. Petrified fossils
  2. Impressions
  3. Imprints
  4. Coprolites

Answer: 3. Imprints

Imprint fossils include trails, tracks, footprints or prints of leaves, stems, and skin. Wing, etc Imprints are shallow external moulds left by animal or plant tissue. Insects and leaves become trapped in sediments.

As sediments accumulate, the insects and leaves may decompose, leaving behind imprints. As the sediments get compact and hardened into rock, the imprints become impression fossil

Question 25. The preserved fossil remains of archaeopteryx show that

  1. It was a flying reptile in the Triassic period
  2. Reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period
  3. It was a flying reptile from the Permian period
  4. Reptiles gave rise to birds during Permian period

Answer: 2. Reptiles gave rise to birds during Jurassic period

The preserved fossil remains of archeopteryx show that the reptile gave rise to birds during jurassic period. The climatic condition killed the dinosaur but most of them evolved into modern birds.

Question 26. The earliest fossil form in the phylogeny of horses is

  1. Equus
  2. Eohippus
  3. Merychippus
  4. Mesohippus

Answer: 2. Eohippus

The evolution of horses began in the Eocene epoch in North America with a fox-sized species called Eohippus slater, which was later renamed Hyracotherium. So, eohippus is the earliest fossil form in the phylogeny of horses.

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Question 27. Who discovered the fossil of Archaeopteryx from Bavaria (Germany)?

  1. Thomas Huxley
  2. Hermann von Meyer
  3. Colin Harrison
  4. Andreas Wagner

Answer: 2. Hermann von Meyer

The first archaeopteryx fossil (a feather) was found in 1860 near Solnhofen in Bavaria, Germany and was named by the german palaeontologist Hermann von Meyer in 1861.

That year, he also discovered the first specimen of archaeopteryx. A total of eight archaeopteryx specimens have been found along with its feather

Question 28. Industrial melanism is an

  1. Effect of industrial pollution
  2. Effect of mutation
  3. Evidence of survival of the fittest
  4. Evidence in favour of natural selection

Answer: 4. Evidence in favour of natural selection

Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are best suited to their environment survive and reproduce.

It was demonstrated in the case of the peppered moth, piston betularia prevalent in England. When due to industrial soot, the bark of the trees turned black, black-coloured moths, which were scarce earlier were favoured by natural selection, as they could camouflage on the black tree trunks.

Whereas, the light coloured moths were easily visible to the predators and thus, they became rare. Thus, industrial melanism is a piece of evidence in favour of natural selection.

Question 29. In the event of industrial melanism, the natural indicator of industrial pollution was

  1. Algae
  2. Fungi
  3. Lichen
  4. Bacteria

Answer: 3. Lichen

Lichens are very sensitive to air pollution, especially to sulphur dioxide and act as a natural indicator of industrial pollution.

Question 30. Industrial melanism as observed in peppered moths proves that

  1. The melanic form of the moth has no selective advantage over the lighter form in an industrial area
  2. The lighter form moth has no selective advantage either in polluted industrial areas or non-polluted area
  3. Melanism is a pollution-generated feature
  4. The true black melanic forms arise from a recurring random mutation

Answer: 4. The true black melanic forms arise from a recurring random mutation

Industrial melanism is one of the best examples of natural selection in action which refers to the development of dark-coloured peppered moths in response to air pollution during the industrial revolution in Great Britain. The dark-coloured moths developed as a result of random mutation

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Question 31. After industrialisation, with respect to Boston betularia, what was the result regarding its population?

  1. Black-coloured moths decreased in number
  2. Black-coloured moths increased in number
  3. The population of black-coloured moths remained static and unchanged
  4. Light-coloured moths increased in number

Answer: 2. Black-coloured moths increased in number

Up to 1845 in England, the species Biston betularia was a light-coloured moth.

However, after the industrial revolution, more and more black peppered moths were observed and by 1895, they comprised 99% of the moth population. So, black-coloured moths increased in number.

Question 32. The change of the lighter-coloured variety of peppered moth (piston betularia) to its darker variety (piston carbonara) is due to

  1. Mutation
  2. Regeneration
  3. Genetic isolation
  4. Temporal isolation

Answer: 1. Mutation

Industrial melanism is one of the best examples of natural selection in action which refers to the development of dark-coloured peppered moths in response to air pollution during the industrial revolution in great Britain. The dark-coloured moths developed as a result of random mutation.

Question 33. In an industrial area, a peppered moth is able to survive in contrast to a light-coloured moth because

  1. It is able to reproduce more
  2. It is naturally selected in the smoky environment
  3. It shows mimicry
  4. It undergoes lethal mutations

Answer: 2. It is naturally selected in the smoky environment

Before the industrial revolution in England, peppered moths (piston betularia) were dominant and were of light colour and dark-coloured moths (piston carbonara) were rare.

But later on, black moths made up to 99% of the moth population in air-polluted areas and light coloured had to struggle to survive.

Thus, in an industrial area, the black peppered moth was able to survive in contrast to the light-coloured moth because the former was naturally selected in the smoky environment.

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Question 34. The assertion of industrial melanism of bison betularia is an example of disruptive natural selection. Reason (r) the mutation saved their population.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is false, but r is true
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 3. A is false, but r is true

A is false, but r is true. Assertion can be corrected as the evolution of the peppered moth is an evolutionary instance of colour variation in the moth population as a consequence of the industrial revolution.

There was an increase in the number of dark-coloured moths due to the industrial population and a reciprocal decrease in the population in clean environments.

Light-coloured moth body was effectively camouflaged in a clean environment, while dark-coloured was beneficial in a polluted environment. Thus, the industrial melanism of bison betularia is an example of directional natural selection.

Question 35. Analogous organs are those which are

  1. Structurally similar
  2. Structurally and functionally similar
  3. Functionally similar
  4. Normally non-functional

Answer: 3. Functionally similar

The organs which have similar functions, but are different in their structure and origin are called analogous organs. The analogous organs show convergent evolution

Question 36. In a few animals, the same structures developed along different directions due to the adaptations to different needs. Identify the type of evolution.

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Divergent evolution
  3. Disruptive evolution
  4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Divergent evolution

Divergent evolution is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.

Usually, it is a result of diffusion of the same species to different and isolated environments which blocks the gene flow among the distinct populations allowing differentiated fixation of characteristics through genetic drift and natural selection.

Question 37. Homologous organs are

  1. Leg of a man, the leg of a horse, the wing of a bat
  2. Hand of man, the tail of a horse, the wing of a bat
  3. Hand of man, forelimb of horse, wing of bat
  4. Head of man, leg of horse, wing of bat

Answer: 3. Hand of man, forelimb of horse, wing of bat

Homologous organs may be defined as the organs of different animals which have a similar basic structure, but different functions, e.g. Hand of man, the forelimb of the horse, a wing of a bat, etc

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Question 38. What do homologous organs indicate?

  1. Different ancestry
  2. Common ancestry
  3. Independent development
  4. Dependent development

Answer: 2. Common ancestry

Homologous organs are formed as a result of divergent evolution. It is the accumulation of differences between groups which can lead to the formation of new species.

The more similar two different species’ body structures are, the closer they are evolutionarily linked and the more recently they shared a common ancestor. Thus, homologous organs indicate common ancestry.

Question 39. An important piece of evidence in favour of organic evolution is the occurrence of

  1. Homologous and analogous organs
  2. Homologous and vestigial organs
  3. Analogous and  vestigial organs
  4. Homologous organs only

Answer: 2. Homologous and vestigial organs

Homologous organs and vestigial organs provide a shred of important evidence in favour of organic evolution. It is the process by which changes in the genetic composition of populations of organisms occur in response to environmental changes.

For example, the human appendix is a developmental derivative and evolutionary vestige of the end of the much larger herbivorous caecum found in our primate ancestors. They both are structurally homologous and have different functions.

Question 40. Diagrams given below indicate

NEET Biology Evidence Of Evolution MCQs homologous organs

  1. Analogous organs
  2. Homologous organs
  3. Convergent evolution
  4. All of the above

Answer: 2. Homologous organs

The given diagrams in question show homologous organs. Homologous organs have the same basic plan of organisation during development.

But in adult condition, these organs are modified to perform different functions as an adaptation to the different environment. In plants, examples of homologous organs are thorns of bougainvillea and a tendril of cucurbita, since both arise in the axillary position

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Question 41. Wings of pigeon, mosquito and bat show

  1. Divergent evolution
  2. Atavism
  3. Convergent evolution
  4. All of the above

Answer: 3. Convergent evolution

Convergent evolution describes the acquisition of the same biological trait in unrelated lineages.

The wings are the classic example of convergent evolution in action. Flying insects, birds and bats have all evolved the capacity of flight independently. They have ‘converged’ on this useful trait. So, wings of pigeon, mosquito and bat show convergent evolution.

Question 42. Organs that are anatomically different, but perform similar functions are known as

  1. Analogous organs
  2. Homologous organ
  3. Vestigial organs
  4. Heterologous organs

Answer: 3. Vestigial organs

The organs which have similar functions, but are different in their structure and origin are called analogous organs. The analogous organs show convergent evolution.

Question 43. Which of the following set includes all vestigial structures of man?

  1. Coccyx, wisdom teeth, patella
  2. Coccyx, appendix, ear muscle
  3. Vermiform appendix, body hair, cochlea
  4. Ear muscle, atlas, body hair

Answer: 2. Coccyx, appendix, ear muscle

The organs which are present in the reduced form and do not perform any function in the body are called vestigial organs, e.g. Human body has 90 vestigial organs like a nictitating membrane, 3rd molar teeth (wisdom teeth), nipple of male, appendix, coccyx, ear muscle, etc.

Question 44. Analogous structures are a result of

  1. Divergent evolution
  2. Convergent evolution
  3. Shared ancestry
  4. Stabilising selection

Answer: 2. Analogous structures are a result of convergent evolution

Question 45. Which one of the following is vestigial organ of human?

  1. Hairs
  2. Wisdom teeth
  3. Intestine
  4. Muscle of glottis

Answer: 2. Wisdom teeth

Third molars (wisdom teeth), rudimentary ear muscles, coccygeal tail vertebrae, vermiform appendix, nictitating membrane of eye, etc., Are all examples of vestigial organs in humans.

Question 46. Thorns of bougainvillea and tendrils cucurbit are examples for Karnataka

  1. Adaptive radiation
  2. Convergent evolution
  3. Coevolution
  4. Divergent evolution

Answer: 4. Divergent evolution

Thorns of bougainvillea and tendril of cucurbita are modified branches and are axillary in position.

It means axillary branches in bougainvillea are modified into thorns for protection from burrowing animals and in cucurbita, into tendrils for climbing.

These are called homologous organs and they are a result of divergent evolution, i.e. Have common ancestry, but different functions

Question 47. Sweet potato and potato are an example of

  1. Analogous structure
  2. Homologous structure
  3. Vestigial structure
  4. Both 1 and 3

Answer: 1. Analogous structure

Analogous structures have an almost similar appearance and perform the same function, but they are totally different in their basic structure and developmental origin.

Sweet potato and potato, both are used for storing food materials, but sweet potato is a modified root, while potato is a modified stem. So, it is an example of an analogous structure.

Question 48. Which of the following is not vestigial in man?

  1. Nictitating membrane
  2. Vermiform appendix
  3. Tail vertebrae
  4. Nails

Answer: 4. Nails

Nails are not vestigial in man

The organs which are present in the reduced form and do not perform any function in the body are called vestigial organs, e.g. Human body has 90 vestigial organs like a nictitating membrane, 3rd molar teeth (wisdom teeth), the nipple of a male, appendix, coccyx, ear muscle, etc.

Question 49. Among the following sets of examples for divergent evolution, select the incorrect option.

  1. Forelimbs of man, bat and cheetah
  2. Eye of octopus, bat and man
  3. The brain of bats, man and cheetahs
  4. Heart of bat, man and cheetah

Answer: 2. Eye of octopus, bat and man

Option 2 is incorrect and can be corrected as divergent evolution occurs in the same structure, e.g. Forelimbs, heart, and brain of vertebrates which have developed along different directions due to adaptation to different needs whereas the eye of the octopus, or bat and man are examples of analogous organs showing convergent evolution. Rest options are examples of divergent evolution.

Question 50. Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Industrial melanism
  3. Natural selection
  4. Adaptive

Answer: 1. Convergent evolution

Flippers of penguins and dolphins are examples of convergent evolution as these are analogous organs.

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Question 51. Which of the following structures is homologous to the wing of a bird?

  1. Hindlimb of rabbit
  2. Flipper of whale
  3. Dorsal fin of a shark
  4. Wing of a moth

Answer: 2. Flipper of whale

Homologous organs have the same fundamental structure, but different functions. The wing of a bird and flipper of a whale are structurally forelimbs, which consist of humerus, radio-ulna, carpals, metacarpals and digits, but they perform different functions.

The wings of birds help them to fly, while the flipper helps the whale to swim.

Question 52. Identify what the given diagram indicates.

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Divergent evolution
  3. Recapitulation
  4. Parallel evolution

Answer: 2. Divergent evolution

Given diagram in question indicates divergent evolution. Divergent evolution has occurred on all continents as they slowly separated from one another.

The best examples of divergent evolution are the animals of Australia, in particular, the marsupials. When south america rejoined north america, all the marsupials except for the oppsum quickly became extinct.

Question 53. Homologous organs are

NEET Biology Evidence Of Evolution MCQs Divergent evolution

  1. Wings of insects and bat
  2. Gills of fish and lungs of rabbit
  3. Flipper of whale or seal and forelimbs of horse
  4. Wings of grasshopper and crow

Answer: 3. Flipper of whale or seal and forelimbs of horse

Flippers of whales or seals and forelimbs of horses are similar in structure, but different in functions. Thus, they are homologous organs. The rest of the organs given in the question are analogous organs

Question 54. The similarity of bone structure in the forelimbs of many vertebrates is an example of

  1. Homology
  2. Adaptive radiation
  3. Convergent evolution
  4. Analogy

Answer: 1. Homology

In different vertebrates, the bones of forelimbs are similar but their forelimbs are adapted in different ways their adaptation, hence these are examples of homology

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Question 55. Which one of the following groups of structures/organs have similar functions?

  1. Typhlosole in earthworms, intestinal villi in rats and contractile vacuole in amoeba
  2. Nephridia in earthworms, malpighian tubules in cockroaches and urinary tubules in rat
  3. Antennae of cockroach, tympanum of frog and clitellum of earthworm
  4. Incisors of rats, gizzard (proventriculus) of cockroaches and tube feet of starfish

Answer: 2. Nephridia in earthworms, malpighian tubules in cockroaches and urinary tubules in rat

Nephridia in earthworm, malpighian tubules in cockroach and urinary tubules in rat, are all excretory in function and represents analogy.

Question 56. Which one of the following options gives one correct example of each of convergent evolution and divergent evolution? Convergent evolution >divergent evolution

  1. Eyes of octopus and mammals > bones of forelimbs of vertebrates
  2. Thorns of bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbita >wings of butterflies and birds
  3. Bones of forelimbs of vertebrates >wings of butterflies and birds
  4. Thorns of bougainvillaea and tendrils of Cucurbita > eyes of octopus and mammals

Answer: 1. Eyes of octopus and mammals > bones of forelimbs of vertebrates

Examples of convergent evolution or analogy are the wings of a butterfly and birds, eyes of the octopus and mammals, flippers of penguins and dolphins, etc. On the other hand, examples of divergent evolution include the forelimbs of vertebrates (whales, bats, cheetahs, humans).

Question 57. The eye of the octopus and eyes of the cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar functions. This is an example of

  1. Homologous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
  2. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution
  3. Analogous organs that have evolved due to divergent evolution
  4. Homologous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution

Answer: 2. Analogous organs that have evolved due to convergent evolution

The eyes of the octopus and cat show different patterns of structure, yet they perform similar functions. This is an example of analogous organs. Analogous organs have evolved due to convergent evolution.

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Question 58. A splint bone is a vestigial structure in

  1. Man
  2. Whale
  3. Horse
  4. Rhea

Answer: 3. Horse

Splint bones are found in the feet of horses which are vestiges of former lateral toes

Question 59. The reduced nictitating membrane is an example of

  1. Homologous organ
  2. Vestigial organ
  3. Analogous organ
  4. Functioning organ

Answer: 2. Vestigial organ

The plica semilunaris is a small fold of tissue on the inside corner of the eye. It is the vestigial remnant of the nictitating membrane, an organ that is fully functional in some other species of mammals. Its associated muscles are also vestigial

Question 60. Which of the following is a vestigial structure in Python?

  1. Hindlimbs
  2. Teeth
  3. Poison glands
  4. Scales

Answer: 1. Hindlimbs

Python has hindlimbs as the vestigial organ. Most of the species of snakes lost all traces of limbs, but snakes in the boa and python family have a tiny pair of hindlimbs.

Python’s hindlimbs are vestigial due to its habits and habitat. These vestigial legs can actually be seen as a pair of spurs that stick out where the body ends and the tail begins

Question 61. Which one of the following is a pair of homologous organs?

  1. Lungs of rabbits and gills of rohu
  2. Wing of a bat and the wing of a butterfly
  3. The pectoral fin of rohu and the forelimb of the horse
  4. Wing of grasshopper and wing of the crow

Answer: 3. Pectoral fin of rohu and the forelimb of the horse

The pectoral fins of rohu and the forelimbs of horses have similar origins and basic structures, hence these are homologous organs.

Question 62. Crocodiles and penguins are similar to whales and dogfish in which one of the following features?

  1. Possess a solid single-stranded central nervous system
  2. Lay eggs and guard them till they hatch
  3. Possess bony skeleton
  4. Have gill slits at some stage

Answer: 4. Have gill slits at some stage

Animals belonging to phylum– Chordata are fundamentally characterised by the presence of a notochord, a dorsal hollow nerve cord and paired pharyngeal gill slits.

Crocodiles, penguins, whales and dogfish all are chordates. All of them have paired gill slits or have had it during embryonic development

Question 63. Assertion ear muscles of the external ear in men are poorly developed. Reason (r) These muscles are useful and move the external ear freely to detect sound efficiently.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 3. A is true, but r is false.

The external ear or auris externa is the external portion of the ear, which
consists of the auricle (also pinna) and the ear canal.

Many mammals can move the pinna (with the auricular muscles) in order to focus their hearing in a certain direction. Most humans do not have this ability as these muscles are vestigial.

Question 64. The appearance of ancestral characters in newborns is known as

  1. Homologous
  2. Analogous
  3. Vestigial
  4. Atavism

Answer: 4. Atavism

The appearance of ancestral character in the newborn such as tail, cervical fistula, gill, slits, etc., Is called atavism. An atavism is the
phenomenon of reappearance of a lost character specific to a remote evolutionary ancestor and not observed in the parents or recent ancestors of the organism displaying the atavistic character. Atavisms have several essential features

  • Presence in adult stages of life,
  • Absence in parents or recent ancestors
  • Extremely rare in a population.

Question 65. Which of the following represents atavism?

  1. Wings of bat
  2. Fins of fish
  3. Cervical fistula in humans
  4. Flippers of whale

Answer: 3. Cervical fistula in humans

The appearance of ancestral character in the newborn such as tail, cervical fistula, gill, slits, etc., Is called atavism. An atavism is the
phenomenon of reappearance of a lost character specific to a remote evolutionary ancestor and not observed in the parents or recent ancestors of the organism displaying the atavistic character. Atavisms have several essential features

  • Presence in adult stages of life,
  • Absence in parents or recent ancestors
  • Extremely rare in a population.

Question 66. The presence of tail in a human baby is An example of

  1. Vestigial organ
  2. Adaptive radiation
  3. Natural selection
  4. Atavism

Answer: 4. Atavism

The appearance of ancestral character in the newborn such as tail, cervical fistula, gill, slits, etc., Is called atavism. An atavism is the
the phenomenon of reappearance of a lost character specific to a remote evolutionary ancestor and not observed in the parents or recent ancestors of the organism displaying the atavistic character. Atavisms have several essential features

  • Presence in adult stages of life,
  • Absence in parents or recent ancestors
  • Extremely rare in a population.

Question 67. An example of the vestigial organ is

  1. Wing of apteryx
  2. Tail of Macropus
  3. Eyelid of man
  4. Flipper of whale

Answer: 1. Tail of Macropus

Examples of vestigial structures include the human appendix, the pelvic bone of a snake and the wings of flightless birds. Kiwis are flightless birds native to new zealand, in the genus–apteryx and family–Apterygidae. Their vestigial wings are so small that they are invisible under the bristly, hair-like, two-branched feathers.

While most adult birds have bones with hollow cavities to minimise weight and make flight practicable, kiwi have marrow in bones, like mammals. So, a wing of the apteryx is an example of a vestigial organ

Question 68. The vestigial appendix of man suggests that our ancestors were

  1. Carnivores
  2. Sanguivores
  3. Herbivores
  4. Insectivores

Answer: 3. Herbivores

Biologists believe the human appendix is a vestigial organ left behind from a plant-eating ancestor, i.e. Herbivores

Question 69. Which is not a vestigial organ?

  1. Plica semilunaris
  2. Epiglottis
  3. Ear pinna muscle
  4. Vermiform appendix

Answer: 2. Epiglottis

The epiglottis is a leaf-shaped flap in the throat that prevents food from entering the windpipe and the lungs. It remains open during breathing, allowing air into the larynx. Thus, it is not a vestigial organ

Question 70. Vestigial organs occur as

  1. Useless because of incomplete development
  2. Inefficient parts
  3. Fully developed but useless
  4. Analogous

Answer: 1. Useless because of incomplete development

Vestigial organs in human beings, e.g. Vermiform appendix, and ear pinna were useful in ancient days in the same lifeform but become rudimentary in the current lifeform. Thus, vestigial organs occur as useless because of incomplete development

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 71. Which one is not a vestigial organ in man?

  1. Vermiform appendix
  2. Plica semilunaris
  3. Ear muscles
  4. Malleus

Answer: 4. Malleus

Malleus is the part of the middle ear responsible for the transmission of sound to the internal ear. It is not a vestigial organ.

Question 72. Which stage of development provides concrete embryological evidence?

  1. Late embryos
  2. Completely developed embryo
  3. Early embryos
  4. Phylogenies

Answer: early embryos

The study of embryos is called embryology. An embryo is an unborn (unhatched) animal or human young in its earliest phases.

Embryos of many different kinds of animals, mammals, birds, reptiles, fish, etc., Look very similar and it is often difficult to differentiate them apart.

Thus, it forms the embryological evidence of evolution.

Question 73. The greatest evolutionary change occurred when land vertebrates became completely free from water habitat dut to the development of

  1. Four legs
  2. Four-chambered heart
  3. Lungs
  4. Shelled eggs and internal fertilisation

Answer: 4. Shelled eggs and internal fertilisation

Shelled eggs and internal fertilisation, are the two great changes that occurred in the organism, which made them free from their water life.

These two changes are seen in reptiles, birds and amphibians (i.e. Land vertebrates).

But the organism, which is still completely dependent on the water do not have these characteristics.

Question 74. ‘Ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny’ is narrated in which of the pieces of evidence for organic evolution?

  1. Paleontological evidence
  2. Physiological evidence
  3. Embryological evidence
  4. Anatomical evidence

Answer: 3. Embryological evidence

The theory of recapitulation, also called the biogenetic law or embryological parallelism is often expressed in ernst Haeckel’s phrase as ‘ontogeny recapitulates phylogeny.

It is a largely discredited biological hypothesis that while developing from embryo to adult, animals go through stages resembling or representing the successive stages in the evolution of their remote ancestor.

Question 75. Embryological support for evolution was proposed by

  1. Ernst Haeckel
  2. Karl Ernst von Baer
  3. Charles darwin
  4. Alfred Wallace

Answer: 1. Ernst haeckel

Embryological support for evolution was proposed by ernst Haeckel and disapproved by Karl ernst von Baer

Question 76. Embryological support for evolution was disapproved by

  1. Alfred Wallace
  2. Charles Darwin
  3. Oparin
  4. Karl Ernst von Baer

Answer: 4. Karl ernst von baer

Embryological support for evolution was proposed by ernst Haeckel and disapproved by Karl ernst von Baer

Question 77. Two geographical regions separated by high mountains are

  1. Oriental and Australian
  2. Palaearctic and oriental
  3. Nearctic and Palaearctic
  4. Neotropical and Ethiopian

Answer: 2. Palaearctic and Oriental

Dr Pl Sclater, 1858 divided the world into 6 regions on the basis of the distribution of birds only.

Later in 1876, ar wallace adopted it for all the animals. The six realms (regions) that support evidence of organic evolution include Ethiopian, oriental, Australian, nearctic and Neotropical, Palaearctic. Palaearctic and oriental realms are two geographical regions separated by high mountain ranges, i.e. the Himalayas

Question 78. The phenomenon of the evolution of different species in a given geographical area starting from a point and spreading to other habitats is called

  1. Saltation
  2. Co-evolution
  3. Natural selection
  4. Adaptive radiation

Answer: 4. Adaptive radiation

Adaptive radiation is an evolutionary pattern where by a single ancestral form diversifies into sexual or many related forms. It is a subset of the theory of descent with modification, expressing edition within closely related forms rather than new design

Question 79. Hummingbird and Hawk illustrate

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Homology
  3. Adaptive radiation
  4. Parallel evolution

Answer: 3. Adaptive radiation

Wings of hummingbirds and hawks represent adaptive radiation. It is the development of different functional structures from a common ancestor.

Question 80. Identify what is indicated in the given diagram.

NEET Biology Evidence Of Evolution MCQs Common ancestor

  1. Natural selection
  2. Adaptive radiation
  3. Ecological succession
  4. Different species of finches by mutation

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 3 And 4
  4. 2 And 4

Answer: 1. 1 And 2

Darwin finches show adaptive radiation. This radiation occurred in response to various food resources available and natural selection. These finches feed on insects, tree buds, seeds, cactus, etc.

Question 81. Adaptive radiation occurs in

  1. Predator free area
  2. Small and isolated populations
  3. Flightless and asexually reproducing populations
  4. Sexually reproducing population

Answer: 4. Sexually reproducing population

Adaptive radiation is the relatively fast evolution of many species from a single common ancestor.

It generally occurs in sexually reproducing populations to create a multitude of new forms and not in predator-free areas, small and isolated populations and flightless and sexually reproducing organisms.

Question 82. Assertion all the finches on the Galapagos islands descended from a common ancestor. Reason (r) they show variations only in their beaks as they got adapted to different feeding habits.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a

Darwin observed the diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted to different feeding habits on the Galapagos island. This is considered as an example of adaptive radiation.

The process of evolution which result in the transformation of original species to many different varieties is called adaptive radiation. This is an indicator that all the finches on the Galapagos island descended from a common ancestor

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 83. Assertion Darwin’s finches show a variety of beaks suited for eating large seeds, flying insects and cactus seeds. Reason (r) ancestral seed-eating stock of Darwin’s finches radiated out from the south american mainland to different geographical areas of the Galapagos islands, where they found competitor-free new habitats.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a

Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a. Darwin finches are an excellent example of the way in which the species gene pools have adapted in order for long-term survival,. Their offspring. Finches were formed due to
divergent evolution to avoid interspecific competition.

Question 84. Consider the following statements.

  1. In hawaiian islands, a wide variety of honeycreepers that descended from a common goldfinch-like ancestor from Asia have a range of beak sizes and shapes for feeding.
  2. This is an example of adaptive radiation.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 3. Both statements I and ii are correct

There are now at least 13 species of finches on the Galapagos island, each filling a different niche on a different island. All of them evolved from one ancestral species, which colonised the islands, only a few million years ago.

This process, whereby species evolve rapidly to exploit empty eco-space is known as adaptive radiation.

So, on Hawaiian islands, there is a wide variety of honeycreepers that descended from a common goldfinch-like ancestor that arrived from Asia there. They have a range of beak size and shape for feeding on different food sources. This is an example of adaptive radiation

Question 85. Galapagos islands are associated with the name of

  1. Wallace
  2. Malthus
  3. Darwin
  4. Lamarck

Answer: 3. Darwin

Galapagos islands are associated with Charles Darwin. He found the pattern of evolution in the finches of that island.

During this interval, it went around the world visiting South America, Australia and passing along the southern tip of Africa. During his visit, Darwin studied maximum the animals of the Galapagos islands

Question 86. The animal group which does not exist on Galapagos Island is

  1. Insects
  2. Protozoans
  3. Crustaceans
  4. Amphibians

Answer: 3. Crustaceans

Amphibians are absent in the Galapagos islands as they could not leave the mainland and travel to the island by crossing saline water.

Question 87. The concept of adaptive radiation was given by

  1. Oparin
  2. Haldane
  3. Hf Osborn
  4. Darwin

Answer: 3. Hf Osborn

The concept of adaptive radiation in evolution was developed by hf Osborn in 1902. Adaptive radiation is also called divergent evolution.

Question 88. Darwin’s finches are an example

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Adaptive radiation
  3. Divergent evolution
  4. Both 2 and 3

Answer: 4. Both 2 and 3

Darwin’s finches are an excellent example of adaptive radiation. Divergent evolution involves the development of different functional structures along different directions due to adaptations to different needs from a common ancestral form. Divergent evolution is also called adaptive radiation

Question 89. Darwin’s finches refer to

  1. Fossils of birds collected by Darwin at Galapagos islands
  2. Type of birds present on Galapagos islands
  3. Migratory birds collected by Darwin at Galapagos islands
  4. Fossils of reptiles collected by Darwin at Galapagos island

Answer: 2. Type of birds present on Galapagos islands

Darwin’s finches are a group of about 15 species of passerine birds. They are well-known for their remarkable diversity in beak form and function. They were first collected by Charles darwin on the galápagos islands during the second voyage of the beagle.

Question 90. The diversity in the type of beaks of finches adapted for different feeding habits on the Galapagos islands as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for

  1. Origin of species by natural selection
  2. Intraspecific variations
  3. Intraspecific competition
  4. Interspecific competition

Answer: 1. Intraspecific competition

Birds of the Galapagos islands (Darwin’s finches) are believed to have evolved from ancestors on the south american mainland as a result of natural selection due to different feeding niches available to them.

The diversity in this type of beaks of finches adapted for different feeding habits on the Galapagos island as observed by Darwin, provides evidence for the origin of species by natural selection.

Question 91. Pouched marsupials are only found in

  1. New Zealand
  2. Australia
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Canada and Australia

Answer: 2. Australia

Marsupials are mammals that have a special pouch used for carrying their babies. In addition to kangaroos, other marsupials include wombats, koalas, opossums and wallabies.

Marsupial diversity is greater in Australia than in South America because there were no terrestrial placental mammals to compete with marsupials in ancient Australia.

Question 92. Radiations with successful adaptations in the case of insects are a result of

  1. Genetic divergence
  2. Microevolution
  3. Macroevolution
  4. Mega evolutions

Answer: 3. Macroevolution

Radiations with successful adaptations in the case of insects are a result of macroevolution. Macroevolution is a major evolutionary change, especially with regard to the evolution of a whole taxonomic group our a long period of time, e.g. Beetle genus Blepharida and beetle genus Bursera.

Question 93. An evolutionary pattern characterised by a rapid increase in the number and kinds of closely related species is called

  1. Convergent evolution
  2. Divergent evolution
  3. Adaptive radiation
  4. Parallel evolution

Answer: 3. Adaptive radiation

Adaptive radiation is a special evolutionary pattern characterised by a rapid increase in the number of kinds of closely related species. It results in an evolutionary explosion of new species from a common ancestor.

Question 94. Assertion Darwin’s finches are a classical example of natural selection. Reason (r) Darwin explained that the difference in size and shape of the beaks of the species was a result of the adaptation of the species to different food habits.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a

Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a. Darwin’s finches represent an excellent example of adaptive radiation or natural selection. They showed wide variations in beak shape and size on Galapagos Island.

Darwin deduced that these variations made the finches better adapted to take advantage of the food in their particular local environment.

Thin, sharp beaks were prevailing, where the bird’s main food was insects and grubs and large claw-shaped beaks were found where their diet was buds, fruits and nuts.

Question 95. Darwin’s finches provide excellent evidence in favour of evolution. The evidence comes from the field of

  1. Embryology
  2. Palaeontology
  3. Biogeography
  4. Anatomy

Answer: 3. Biogeography

Biogeography is the study of the geographical distribution of organisms. On his visit to the Galapagos islands, charles darwin found a few types of finches that fluctuated from island to island, which helped him to build up his hypothesis of normal choice. They additionally explored developmental changes in= Darwin finches.

Question 96. Krebs’ cycle, glycolysis, lipogenesis, enzymes, all of these processes indicate

  1. Biochemical evidence of evolution
  2. Morphological evidence of evolution
  3. Anatomical evidence of evolution
  4. Biogeographical evidence of evolution

Answer: 1. Biochemical evidence of evolution

The similarities in proteins and genes performing a commonly given function among the diverse organisms give the clue to common ancestry and biochemical evidence.

Several metabolic processes possess the same enzyme in different organisms, e.g. Krebs’ cycle, glycolysis, nucleotide synthesis, etc.

Question 97. Which is the connecting link between birds and reptiles?

  1. Archaeopteryx
  2. Club moss
  3. Chimaera
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx is a missing link between birds and reptiles as it is an extinct animal. At the same time, it is a connecting link as it shows the characters of both groups.

Question 98. A connecting link between Pteridophyta and Gymnospermae is

  1. Angiosperm
  2. Monosperm
  3. Cycas
  4. Bryophyta

Answer: 3. Cycas

A few important connecting links are listed below virus – non-living and living lungfish – fishes and amphibians, actinomycetes – bacteria and fungi duck-billed platypus – reptiles and mammals ctenophore – coelenterates and Platyhelminthes sphenodon (living fossil lizard) – amphibia and reptilia cycas – pteridophytes and gymnosperms gnetum – gymnosperms and angiosperms hornworts – protistans and bryophytes

Question 99. An organism which is a connecting link between animals and plants is

  1. Virus
  2. Bacteria
  3. Euglena
  4. Amoeba

Answer: 3. Euglena

Euglena is called as connecting link between plant and animal because it has characteristic of both plant and animals. Like plants, they have chloroplast with the help of which they perform photosynthesis.

Like animals, they lack cell wall and in absence of sunlight, they possess a structure called as flagellum, which is used to obtain food, thus performing heterotrophic nutrition.

Question 100. Connecting link between protozoa and porifera is

  1. Volvox
  2. Proterospongia
  3. Vorticella
  4. None of these

Answer: 2. Proterospongia

Proterospongia is a colonial choanoflagellate protozoan that closely resembles a sponge and act as connecting link between protozoa and porifera.

Question 101. A living connecting link which provides evidence for organic evolution is

  1. Archaeopteryx between reptiles and mammals
  2. Lung fish between pieces and reptiles
  3. Duck-billed platypus between reptiles and mammals
  4. Sphenodon between reptiles and birds

Answer: 3. Duck-billed platypus between reptiles and mammals

Egg laying mammal like ‘duck billed’ platypus’ is the connecting link between reptiles and mammals. They have both reptilian and mammalian characters. They lay egg like reptiles and have hairy skin and other characters like mammals.

Question 102. One of the following is connecting link between chordates and non-chordates

  1. Peripatus
  2. Neopilina
  3. Balanoglossus
  4. Tachyglossus

Answer: 3. Balanoglossus

Balanoglossus is a marine animal found in the temperate oceans. It is a type of worm belonging to the order enteropneusta.

It is a deuterostome possessing branchial opening and showing affinity to various groups of organisms. Balanoglossus is considered as an important connecting link between chordates and non-chordates.

Question 103. Peripatus is a connecting link between

  1. Mollusca and echinodermata
  2. Annelida and arthropoda
  3. Coelenterata and porifera
  4. Ctenophora and platyhelminthes

Answer: 2. Annelida and arthropoda

Peripatus is a genus of onychophora (velvet worms). It is a living fossil because it has remain unchanged for approximately 570 million years. Peripatus is a nocturnal carnivore. It is a connecting link between annelida and arthropoda

Question 104. Connecting link between cartilaginous and bony fishes is

  1. Catla
  2. Chimaera
  3. Protopterus
  4. Torpedo

Answer: 2. Chimaera

Chimaera is commonly called rabbit, fish, rat fish, ghost fish or king of herrings. It is found in deep sea. It is an interesting fish that represents the characters of a cartilaginous fish and a bony fish.

Like shark, it has cartilaginous skeleton and a pair of pelvic claspers. Placoid scales are present in the young chimaera. Like bony fish, it possesses operculum (gill cover) on each side. It has distinct anus and urinogenital aperture. Cloaca is absent. Thus, chimaera is a connecting link between cartilaginous and bony fishes

Question 105. Missing link in evolution is

  1. Peripatus
  2. Limulus
  3. Pheretima
  4. Archaeopteryx

Answer: 4. Archaeopteryx

Archaeopteryx is an extinct animal. Thus, it is missing link in evolution. Pheretima is common earthworms, limulus is crab and not a link peripatus is living link between arthropod and annelids, hence it is not missing

Question 106. Tachyglossus is a connecting link between

  1. Reptiles and birds
  2. Amphibians and reptiles
  3. Birds and mammals
  4. Reptiles and mammals

Answer: 4. Reptiles and mammals

The three genera of monotremes, duck-billed platypus (ornithorhynchus) and echidnas or spiny anteaters (tachyglossus and zaglossus) are the most primitive modern mammals.

They share certain characteristics of both birds and reptiles which are not seen in other mammals. In particular, the reproductive system consisting of coloaca is similar to the reproductive system in reptiles to lay eggs.

However, they are hairy endotherms which suckle their young and have single bony element in the lower jaw, making them mammals. Thus, they are considered to be a connecting link between reptiles and mammals.

Question 107. Connecting link between annelids and molluscs is

  1. Neopilina
  2. Peripatus
  3. Periplaneta
  4. Limulus

Answer: 1. Neopilina

Connecting link is the intermediate form of organism between two groups of organisms. Such organism possess characters of both the groups, e.g. Neopilina is a connecting link between annelida and mollusca.

Question 108. Seymouria is a connecting link between

  1. Amphibians and reptiles
  2. Fishes and amphibians
  3. Birds and reptiles
  4. Reptiles and fishes

Answer: 1. Amphibians and reptiles

Seymouria is an extinct genus of a terrestrial tetrapod. The tetrapod was an amphibian and had reptile like characteristics. The organism lived in semiarid regions, far away from water and had ability to conserve water. Thus, seymouria is a connecting link between amphibians and reptiles.

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