NEET Biology Human Genome Project Multiple Choice Question And Answers

by

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers Human Genome Project

Question 1. The human genome project was launched in

  1. 1986
  2. 1990
  3. 1996
  4. 1998

Answer: 2. 1990

In 1990, the US Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health embarked on and coordinated the project of sequencing the human genome called HGP or Human Genome Project.

Question 2. Genomics is

  1. Study of chromosomes
  2. Study of proteins
  3. Study of genes and genomes
  4. Study of body cells

Answer: 3. Study of genes and genomes

Genomics is an interdisciplinary field of biology focusing on the structure, function, evolution, mapping, and editing of genomes.

A genome is an organism’s complete set of DNA, including all of its genes. So, genomics is the study of genes and genomes.

Question 3. It took ………….years to study the human genome project entirely and it was completed in ……….

  1. 12, 2013
  2. 13, 2003
  3. 10, 2000
  4. 3, 1993

Answer: The human genome project was completed in 13 years in 2003.

Read And Learn More: NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 4. As per the human genome project, the exact number of nucleotides contained in the human genome is

  1. 3164.7 million
  2. 3163.7 million
  3. 3162.7 million
  4. 3160.7 million

Answer: 1. 3164.7 million

The human genome contains 3164.7 million nucleotide bases.

Question 5. Consider the following statements.

  1. The average gene contains 350 bases.
  2. The largest known human gene is dystrophin.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct

The incorrect statement can be corrected as The average gene consists of 3000 bases and the largest known human gene being is dystrophin containing 2.4 million bases.

NEET Biology Human Genome Project Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 6. The number of functional genes in humans is around

  1. 5,00,00,000
  2. 3,00,000
  3. 25,000
  4. 30

Answer: 3. 25,000

There are an estimated 20,000-25,000 protein-coding or functional genes in humans.

Question 7. The human genome consists of approximately

  1. 3 × 103 Base pairs
  2. 3 × 109 Base pairs
  3. 2000 Base pairs
  4. 30,000 Base pairs

Answer: 2. 3 × 109 Base pairs

The human genome has approximately 3 × 109 base pairs.

Human Genome Project NEET Questions

Question 8. The discovery and growth of …………… Aided in the establishment of the human genome project.

  1. Mechanical engineering techniques
  2. Electrical engineering techniques
  3. Genetic engineering techniques
  4. Informational technology

Answer: 3. Genetic engineering techniques

With the discovery and establishment of genetic engineering techniques, it was possible to isolate and clone any piece of DNA, and with the availability of simple and fast techniques for determining DNA sequences, a very ambitious project of sequencing the human genome project was launched in the year 1990.

Question 9. The institutes that played a key role in coordinating the human genome project were

  1. European department of energy
  2. Us department of energy
  3. National institute of health
  4. Both 2 and 3

Answer: 4. Both 2 and 3

The human genome project was coordinated by the US Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health.

Welcome Trust (UK) joined the project as a major partner. Later on, Japan, France, Germany, China, and some other countries also joined it. Thus option 4 is correct.

Question 10. Hgp was closely associated with the rapid development of a new area in biology called

  1. Biotechnology
  2. Bioengineering
  3. Bioinformatics
  4. Biological informatics

Answer: 3. Bioinformatics

The collection, storage, and analysis of DNA and protein sequencing data using the computerized system is called bioinformatics.

This is the new branch of biology that originated and evolved during the human genome project.

Question 11. In reference to hgp, elsi stands for

  1. Ethical legal and social issues
  2. Embedded low software index
  3. Endonuclease ligase surface immunity
  4. Ear lung spleen immunity

Answer: 1. Ethical legal and social issues

ELSI stands for Ethical Legal and Social Issue.

Question 12. The strategies of the human genome project include

  1. Mapping
  2. Sequencing
  3. Alignment
  4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

HGP includes sequencing, aligning, and mapping the genome. Frederick developed a technique through which DNA fragments get automatically sequenced called automated DNA sequencer.

DNA sequences are aligned by specialized computer-based programs.

The genetic and physical maps are generated using restriction endonuclease recognition sites and some repetitive DNA sequences known as microsatellites. Thus, option 4 is correct.

Human Genome Project NEET Questions

Question 13. The sequence of chromosome 1 was completed by

  1. May 2004
  2. May 2003
  3. May 2005
  4. May 2006

Answer: 4. May 2006

On February 12, 2001, a formal announcement about the completion of the project was made.

However, the announcement of sequencing of individual chromosomes came in May 2006 with the completion of assigning nucleotide sequences to chromosome -1.

Question 14. How were genetic and physical maps generated in hgp?

  1. By using DNase
  2. By using RNase
  3. By using restriction endonuclease
  4. By using automated dna sequences

Answer: 3. By using automated dna sequences

HGP includes sequencing, aligning, and mapping the genome. Frederick developed a technique through which DNA fragments get automatically sequenced called automated DNA sequencer.

DNA sequences are aligned by specialized computer-based programs.

The genetic and physical maps are generated using restriction endonuclease recognition sites and some repetitive DNA sequences known as microsatellites.

Question 15. Why are restriction endonucleases used in genetic engineering or in applied molecular biology?

  1. As they can cut the dna at a specific base sequence.
  2. As they can cut RNA at variable sites.
  3. As they can cut dna at variable sites.
  4. As it degrades the harmful proteins.
  5. As they can join the dna fragments.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2 And 3
  2. 3, 4 And 5
  3. 2, 4 And 3
  4. Only 1

Answer: 4. Only 1

Statement I describe the use of restriction enzymes in genetic engineering or in applied molecular biology. Restriction endonucleases are the special enzymes found in bacteria to degrade viral DNA.

They are used in genetic engineering or in applied molecular biology due to their ability to cut DNA at specific base sequences. Rest statements do not specify the function of restriction endonucleases

Question 16. Mapping of human chromosomes

  1. Has been restricted to sex chromosomes due to small family sizes
  2. Proceeded very successfully as a large number of dna markers were available
  3. Has been determined that the number of linkage groups is about twice the number of chromosomes
  4. Has been determined that almost whole dna is involved in the coding of genes

Answer: 2. Proceeded very successfully as a large number of dna markers were available

DNA markers are synthetically made DNA segments that are used to identify specific DNA segments in chromosomes. A large number of DNA markers are extensively used in the mapping of human chromosomes.

Question 17. Ests stands for

  1. Expressed sequence tags
  2. Exit sequence tags
  3. Exon sequence tags
  4. Both 1 and 2

Answer: 1. Expressed sequence tags

ESTs stand for Expressed Sequence Tags.

Human Genome Project NEET Questions

Question 18. Ests are

  1. Genes that are expressed as dna
  2. Genes that are expressed as rna
  3. Exon that is expressed as dna
  4. Introns that are expressed as rna

Answer: 2. Genes that are expressed as rna

ESTs are genes that are expressed as RNA

Question 19. Snps or single nucleotide polymorphisms are a

  1. The location of RNA where a single base differs
  2. Location on the genome where many bases of dna differ
  3. Location on the genome where the single base of dna differs
  4. Location of enzymes where the single base differs

Answer: 3. Location on the genome where the single base of dna differs

There are about 14 million locations where single nucleotide differences occur in DNA. These locations are called SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

They have the potential to find chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and trace human history during evolution.

Question 20. Snps can be used for

  1. Tracing the association between a genetic variant and disease
  2. Tracing human history
  3. Evolution
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

There are about 14 million locations where single nucleotide differences occur in DNA. These locations are called SNPs or Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms.

They have the potential to find chromosomal locations for disease-associated sequences and trace human history during evolution.

Question 21. What will be the correct gene expression pathway?

  1. Gene–mRNA–transcription– translation – protein
  2. Transcription–gene– translation–mrna–protein
  3. Gene–transcription–mrna– translation–protein
  4. Gene–translation–mrna– transcription–protein

Answer: The correct gene expression pathway is Gene – Transcription – mRNA –Translation – Protein

Question 22. In humans,

  1. Non-coding dna is abundant.
  2. Less than 2% of the genome codes for protein.
  3. The function of more than 50% of genes is unknown.
  4. Total number of genes is 30000.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 1, 2 and 4
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 1. All the given statements are correct for the human genome.

Question 23. The main aim of the human genome project is Karnataka

  1. To introduce new genes into humans
  2. To identify and sequence all the genes present in human dna
  3. To develop better techniques for comparing two different human
  4. dna samples
  5. To remove disease-causing genes from human dna

Answer: 2. To identify and sequence all the genes present in human dna

The main aim of HGP is to determine the sequence and number of all the base pairs in the human genome

Question 24. Given below are various steps involved in sequencing human genome projects (HGP). Choose the correct order.

  • Isolation of total dna.
  • Cloning in suitable vectors.
  • Sequence arrangement by computer.
  • Formation of physical and genetic maps.
  • Converting into fragments.
  • Using automated sequencer.
  • Using restriction endonuclease recognition sites and microsatellites.
  • Completion of human genome sequencing.

Arrange the steps.

  1. 1– 2 – 3 – 4 – 5 –6 –7–8
  2. 1– 5– 2–6–3–7–4–8
  3. 1– 2– 5–6–3–4–8–7
  4. 1– 2– 5–6–3–7–8–4

Answer: 2. 1– 5– 2–6–3–7–4–8

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 25. Commonly used vectors for cloning in human genome projects are

  1. Yac (yeast artificial chromosome)
  2. Bac (bacterial artificial chromosome)
  3. Pac (plasmic artificial chromosome)
  4. GMO (genetically modified organism)

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 2 And 3
  3. 3 And 4
  4. 1 And 4

Answer: 1. 1 And 2

1, BAC or Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes and 2, YAC or Yeast Artificial Chromosomes are two vectors that are generally used in human genome projects for cloning large fragments of human DNA. Thus, option 1 is correct.

Question 26. The chain termination method of dna sequencing was developed by

  1. Sanger and Nicolson
  2. Frederick sanger
  3. Francois Jacob
  4. Jacques Monod

Answer: 2. Frederick Sanger

Sanger’s method, which is also referred to as dideoxy sequencing or chain termination method is based on the use of dideoxynucleotides (ddNTPs) in addition to the normal nucleotides (NTPs) found in DNA.

Dideoxynucleotides are essentially the same as nucleotides except they contain a hydrogen group on the 3′ carbon instead of a hydroxyl group (OH). These modified nucleotides, when integrated into a sequence, prevent the addition of further nucleotides.

This occurs because a phosphodiester bond cannot form between the dideoxynucleotide and the next incoming nucleotide and thus, the DNA chain is terminated.

Leave a Comment