Classification Of Organic Compounds
The compounds with C and H are called hydrocarbons. Organic compounds are considered as the derivatives of hydrocarbons obtained by replacing H-atoms by other atoms or groups. Based on the C – skeleton, organic compounds are divided as below,
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Acyclic Compounds
The open-chain organic compounds are called acyclic compounds. The carbon chains may be linear or branched. The open-chain compounds are classified into two groups.
Saturated compounds: Open-chain compounds in which carbon atoms of parent chain are bonded with single bonds are called saturated acyclic compounds.
Saturated compounds Example:
Unsaturated compounds: The open-chain organic compounds in which parent chain contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds or triple bonds are called unsaturated acyclic compounds.
Unsaturated compounds Example:
Cyclic Compounds
Here carbon atoms are linked by covalent bonds to form ring structures are called cyclic compounds. Depending upon the constituents of ring, these compounds are further classified into two groups.
Carbocyclic compounds(Hoinocydiccoinpoimds): The cyclic compounds containing only carbon atoms in their ring are called carbocyclic compounds. They are further divided into two groups.
Alicyclic compounds
The carbocyclic compounds which resemble with aliphatic compounds in most of their properties are called alicyclic compounds.
Aromatic Compounds
Benzene is the parent aromatic hydrocarbon. The organic compounds containing one or more isolated or fused benzene rings and their functionalised derivatives are called aromatic compounds or benzenoid compounds.
Aromatic compounds example:
The aromatic compounds that resemble benzene in most of their properties are called non-benzenoid aromatic compounds
Non-Benzenoid Aromatic compounds For example:
Heterocyclic Compounds
The cyclic compounds containing one or more heteroatoms (atom other than C it may be O, N, S, etc.,) in their ring are called heterocyclic compounds. Depending upon their chemical behaviors, they are further classified into two groups.
Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds: The aliphatic cyclic compounds containing one or more hetero atoms in their ring are called alicyclic heterocyclic compounds.
Alicyclic heterocyclic compounds For example:
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds: The aromatic cyclic compounds containing one or more hetero atoms in their molecules are called aromatic heterocyclic compounds.
Aromatic heterocyclic compounds For example:
