Digestion And Absorption Question and Answers

Class 11 Biology WBCHSE Digestion And Absorption Questions and Answers

Question 1. What are the organic components of food from which energy can be derived? or What are the nutrients required in less amount for normal growth and development?
Answer:

Proteins, carbohydrates and fats these are –

1. The three organic components of food, from which energy can be derived for various physiological processes. So they are known as energy-giving or calorie-containing food.
2. Vitamins (organic compounds), water and mineral salts (inorganic components)—these three types of nutrients do not provide energy, but are required for normal growth and development of the body.

Question 2. What attaches the tongue to the lower part of the buccal cavity?
Answer:

The frenulum attaches the tongue to the lower part of the buccal cavity.

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Question 3. Name a vestigial organ connected with the large intestine.
Answer:

Vermiform appendix is a vestigial organ that is connected to the cecum.

Question 4. Mention the location and functions of the villi.
Answer:

Location: They are small finger-like projections, present within the inner lining of the small intestine.

Functions: Digested nutrients, vitamins, water, mineral salts or ions, etc., are absorbed from the lumen of the small intestine by the villi. These substances are then transported either to blood or lymph.

Question 5. Villi also help to increase the surface area of the small intestine. Or where are the crypts of Lieberkuhn located? What are their functions?
Answer:

1. Location: They are located in the inner lining of the small intestine.
2. Function: Intestinal juice or succus entericus is secreted by the crypts of Lieberkuhn.

Question 6. Why is the liver considered as a digestive gland even though no digestive enzymes are secreted by it?
Answer:

The liver secretes bile, which does not contain any digestive enzyme. But bile salts (sodium taurocholate and sodium glycocholate), present in the bile, break down fats into smaller particles. Hence, the emulsification of fats is brought about. Lipase can act on these emulsified fats and hydrolyse them into fatty acids and glycerol. So, even though the liver does not produce any digestive enzyme, it is considered a digestive gland.

Question 7. What are Glisson’s capsules? Which type of cells secrete bile?
Answer:

Glisson’s capsules

1. The connective tissue sheath that covers the liver and ensheaths the hepatic artery, portal vein and bile ducts within the liver is called Glisson’s capsule.
2. The numerous hepatic cells that are present in the middle region of each lobe of the liver, secrete bile.

Question 8. What is the function of the gallbladder? or What is the cystic duct?
Answer:

Function of the gallbladder

1. The function of the gall bladder is to store and concentrate the bile produced by the liver. This is why the gall bladder is also known as the storehouse of bile.
2. The duct that arises from the gall bladder, and joins the hepatic duct to form the common bile duct, is known as the cystic duct.

Question 9. What is lactose intolerance?
Answer:

Lactose intolerance

The milk-digesting enzyme, lactase, is present in large amounts in childhood but decreases with age. Due to this, some people are not able to digest milk or milk products. This phenomenon is known as lactose intolerance.

Question 10. Mention the role of amylase enzyme in saliva.
Answer:

About 30% of the starch gets hydrolysed into disaccharides (mainly maltose), by the action of the amylase, present in the saliva.

Question 11. Which type of cell, present in the inner lining of the stomach, secretes mucin? Or why doesn’t the inner lining of the stomach get digested by the cone? Is HCI present in gastric juice?
Answer:

1. Mucin is secreted by the mucous neck cells present in the gastric glands, in the inner lining of the stomach.
2. Gastric juice contains mucin and bicarbonate ions. Mucin provides a slimy layer on the inner lining of the stomach. This prevents the epithelial cells from coming in contact with the HCI present in the gastric juice. Mucin and bicarbonate ions neutralise HCI, thereby protecting the inner lining of the stomach from digestion.

Question 12. Mention the role of saliva in the destruction of harmful microbes.
Answer:

The role of saliva in the destruction of harmful microbes

Saliva contains a bacteriolytic enzyme, lysozyme. This enzyme breaks down the cell wall of the bacteria that have entered the mouth, along with the food. This, in turn, kills the bacteria, thereby providing protection.

Biology Class 11 WBCHSE

Question 13. What is known as peristalsis? Or Where are Brunner’s glands located?
Answer:

Peristalsis

1. The basic propulsive movement of the digestive tract, including its periodic contractions and relaxations, that enable the food to pass through it, is called peristalsis.
2. Brunner’s glands are present in the submucosa layer of the inner lining of the alimentary canal, specifically the duodenum.

Question 14. What are goblet cells? Or  Name two systems of the body where goblet cells are present.
Answer:

Goblet cells

1. Goblet cells are mucus-producing cells. They are also known as unicellular glands.
2. The digestive and respiratory systems both contain goblet cells.

Question 15. What are the substances that can be absorbed in the stomach?
Answer: Substances like simple carbohydrates, water, alcohol, etc., get absorbed in the small intestine.

Question 16. Which organ’s improper functioning leads to jaundice? Or Give two symptoms of jaundice.
Answer: Jaundice is caused by improper functioning of the liver.

Two symptoms of jaundice include—

1. Accumulation of bile pigments (bilirubin and biliverdin), which causes yellowish colouration of the skin, eyes, etc., of the patient.
2. The release of bile pigments through the urine gives it a deep yellow colour.

Question 17. What type of reaction is vomiting? Which part of the brain regulates it?
Answer: Vomiting is a type of reflex action. It is regulated by the vomiting centre located in the medulla oblongata of the brain.

Question 18. What is a peptic or gastric ulcer?
Answer:

Peptic or gastric ulcer

The mucous lining of the anterior portion of the stomach and small intestine, i.e., duodenum secretes excess HCI and proteolytic enzymes called pepsin. This leads to the formation of wounds or ulcers, called peptic ulcers.

Biology Class 11 WBCHSE Digestion And Absorption Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Define digestion.
Answer:

Digestion

The process by which” complex food substances are converted into a simple, absorbable form that can be absorbed by the body is called digestion.

Question 2. Which organ has an acidic environment within it?
Answer: The stomach has an acidic environment within it

Question 3. What are the two organs where mechanical digestion occurs?
Answer: Mouth, oesophagus.

Question 4. Define the term chyme.
Answer:

Chyme

The thick semi-fluid mass of partially digested food, mixed with digestive juices and enzymes formed during digestion is called chyme.

Question 5. What are the components of a portal triad?
Answer:

Components of a portal triad

Branches of the hepatic artery, branches of the portal vein and bile duct.

Question 6. Name the site of action of a pancreatic enzyme.
Answer: Duodenum.

Question 7. What do we call the type of teeth attachment in which each tooth is embedded in a socket of the jaw of bones?
Answer: Thecodont

Question 8. Give the name of the enzymes involved in the breakdown of nucleotides into sugars and bases.
Answer: Nucleosidases

Biology Class 11 WBCHSE

Question 9. Trypsinogen is an active enzyme of pancreatic juice. An enzyme, enterokinase, activates it. Which tissues/cells secrete this enzyme? How is it activated?
Answer: The cells of the duodenum secrete enterokinase. It is activated by the food that enters the duodenum.

Question 10. Where does the venous blood go after leaving the small intestine?
Answer: Liver

Question 11. Name the four layers that compose the wall of the alimentary canal from innermost to outermost.
Answer: Mucous, submucous, muscular and serous.

Question 12. What is a proteolytic enzyme?
Answer:

Proteolytic enzyme

Proteolytic enzyme is the enzyme, that breaks the long polypeptide chains into shorter fragments (peptides).

Question 13. Gastric juice contains—

1. Pepsin, lipase and rennin
2. Trypsin, lipase and rennin
3. Trypsin, pepsin and lipase
4. Trypsin, pepsin and renin

Answer: 1. Pepsin, lipase and rennin

Question 14. Succus entericus is the name given to—

1. A junction between the ileum and large intestine
2. Intestinal juice
3. Swelling in the gut
4. Appendix

Answer: 2. Intestinal juice