NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications In Agriculture Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biotechnological Applications In Agriculture

Question 1. An important objective of biotechnology used in agriculture is

  1. To produce pest-resistant varieties of plants
  2. To increase the nitrogen content
  3. To decrease the seed number
  4. To increase the plant weight

Answer: 1. To produce pest-resistant varieties of plants

  • An important objective of biotechnology in the agriculture section is to produce pest-resistant varieties of plants.
  • This includes plant breeding to raise and stabilise yields, to improve resistance to pests, diseases and abiotic stresses such as drought and cold and to enhance the nutritional content of foods.

Read And Learn More: NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 2. The applications of biotechnology involve all except one. Identify it.

  1. Waste treatment
  2. Energy production
  3. Genetically modified crops
  4. Conventional hybridisation

Answer: 4. Conventional hybridisation

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications In Agriculture Multiple Choice Question And Answers

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture MCQs with Answers

The applications of biotechnology involve

  • Therapeutics
  • Diagnostics
  • Genetically modified crops and animals for agriculture
  • Processed food
  • Bioremediation
  • Waste treatment
  • Energy production

Conventional hybridisation does not include the application of biotechnology.

Question 3. Agrochemical-based agriculture includes

  1. Fertilisers and pesticides
  2. Genetically modified crops
  3. Rna interference
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Fertilisers and pesticides

Agrochemical-based agriculture includes fertilisers and pesticides. Agrochemicals are expensive for farmers in developing countries and are used to increase food production.

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Question 4. Choose the correct statement about agrochemicals.

  1. These are expensive for farmers in developing countries
  2. These have harmful effects on the environment
  3. Genetically modified crops are less expensive than agrochemicals
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

All the given statements are correct as Agrochemicals are expensive for farmers in developing countries and also they have harmful effects on the environment. Therefore, genetically modified crops are well-developed to overcome such problems. Thus, option (4) is correct.

Question 5. Production of value-added products like nutrition supplements, pharmaceuticals, fuels, etc., Using the transgenic crop is called

  1. Genetic farming
  2. Molecular farming
  3. Biotech farming
  4. Both (1) and (2)

Answer: 2. Molecular farming

Production of value-added products like nutrition supplements, pharmaceuticals, fuels, etc., using transgenic crops is called molecular farming.

Question 6. Consider the following statements about organic farming.

  1. Utilises genetically modified crops like bt cotton.
  2. Uses only naturally produced inputs like compost.
  3. Does not use pesticides and urea.
  4. Produces vegetables rich in vitamins and minerals.

Which of the above statements is correct?

  1. 2, 3 And 4
  2. 3 And 4
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1 And 2

Answer: 3. 2 And 3

  • Statements 2 and 3 are correct. Other statements are incorrect and can be corrected as Organic farming does not mean that it uses genetically modified crops or produce vegetables enriched with vitamins and minerals.
  • It is a form of agriculture that relies on the techniques like crop rotation, green manure, compost and biological pest control.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 7. An increase in food production is essential to meet the ever-increasing demands of the population. Identify the ways of increasing food production.

  1. Agrochemical based agriculture
  2. Organic agriculture
  3. Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture

Choose the correct option.

  1. Only 1
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 4. 1, 2 And 3

All given ways are correct for increasing food production. Food production can be increased by applying biotechnology in the following ways

  • Agrochemical based agriculture
  • Organic agriculture
  • Genetically engineered crop-based agriculture

Thus, option (4) is correct.

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Question 8. The name norman borlaug is associated with

  1. White revolution
  2. Green revolution
  3. Yellow revolution
  4. Blue revolution

Answer: 2. Green revolution

  • The term Green revolution refers to the very significant increase in yield obtained by breeding high-yielding varieties of crops, under intensive application of fertilisers, irrigation and pesticides.
  • The worldwide increase in productivity has come to be known as the ‘Green Revolution’ for which Dr Borlaug won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1970.

Question 9. Green Revolution saw success due to

  1. The use of improved varieties of crops.
  2. The use of agrochemicals.
  3. The use of better management practices.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 4. 1, 2 And 3

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

The Green Revolution succeeded in increasing the food supply because of

  • Use of improved crop varieties.
  • Use of agrochemicals (fertilisers and pesticides).
  • Use of better management practices. Thus, option (4) is correct

Question 10. Gm crop is a

  1. Infected crop
  2. Transgenic crop
  3. Raised on green manure
  4. A green manure

Answer: 2. Transgenic crop

A popular term for the transgenic crop is Genetically Modified (GM) crops. A transgenic crop is a crop, which contains and expresses a transgene.

Important MCQs on Agricultural Biotechnology for NEET

Question 11. Plants, bacteria, fungi and animals whose genes have been altered by manipulation are called

  1. Genetically modified organisms
  2. Hybrid organisms
  3. Pest resistant organisms
  4. Insect resistant organisms

Answer: 1. Genetically modified organisms

Genes of plants, bacteria, fungi and animals have been changed by manipulations therefore, these organisms are called Genetically Modified Organisms (GMOs). The behaviour of GMOs depends on the nature of genes transferred, and the nature of host plants, bacteria and animals.

Question 12. Transgenic organisms are formed by

  1. Crossing two hybrids
  2. Inducing mutations by chemicals
  3. Introducing foreign genes
  4. Crossing genes of somatic cells of the same organisms

Answer: 3. Introducing foreign genes

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Transgenic organisms are formed by introducing foreign genes, which are transferred into them through genetic engineering. These genes are known as transgenes.

Question 13. What effect does eating genetically modified foods have on your genes?

  1. It could cause your own genes to mutate
  2. It could cause your own genes to absorb the excess genes
  3. It has no effect so far detected on your genes
  4. The effects on human genetics are not known

Answer: 3. It has no effect so far detected on your genes

No allergic effects have been found relative to Genetically Modified (GM) foods currently on the market.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 14. Are foods derived from genetically modified crops nutritionally superior?

  1. Yes, they offer substantial health advantages over foods produced from conventional crops
  2. Yes, they offer a few health benefits over foods produced from conventional crops
  3. No, they are neither better nor worse than foods from conventional crops
  4. No, they are slightly less nutritional than foods from conventional crops

Answer: 3. No, they are neither better nor worse than foods from conventional crops

Most of the genetically modified crops currently available are designed to reduce farmers’ production costs. Under some circumstances, there may be fewer pesticides used and there is some indication that genetically modified corn is less likely to be infected with fungal toxins that are natural carcinogens, but the overall health effect of these benefits is minor. So, no, they are neither better nor worse than foods from conventional crops.

Question 15. The main objective of the production/use of herbicide-resistant gm crops is to

  1. Eliminate weeds from the fields without any use of manual labour
  2. Eliminate weeds from the fields without the use of herbicides
  3. Encourage eco-friendly herbicides
  4. Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

Answer: 4. Reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety

  • The main objective of the production of herbicide-resistant genetically modified crops is to reduce herbicide accumulation in food articles for health safety.
  • Herbicide-resistant plants have been developed in such a way that they continue to produce normal crop yield and at the same time remain unaffected by the activity of herbicides. These plants also reduce the use of weeding labour, farmer’s cost and increase yield.

Genetically Modified Crops and Their Applications MCQs for NEET

Question 16. Why should foods derived from genetically modified crops be tested for possible allergic reactions in people?

  1. They may cause allergies due to the release of new kinds of proteins
  2. They may not be digested
  3. They may cause more hunger
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. They may cause allergies due to the release of new kinds of proteins

Scientists have long known that GM crops might cause allergies due to the release of new kinds of proteins. But there are no tests to prove in advance that a GM crop is safe. That is because people are not usually allergic to a food until they have eaten it several times.

Question 17. Assertion transgenic plant is a product of plant tissue culture. Reason (r) it is an organism that contains and expresses a transgenic organism.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a

  • Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. Plant tissue culture has various applications in the different fields of biology.
  • An example of this is the production of transgenic plants and animals. Transgenic organisms contain foreign DNA that has been introduced, using biotechnology.

Question 18. Genetically modified plants have been useful in increasing

  1. Crop yield
  2. Nutritional value of food
  3. Tolerance against abiotic stresses
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Genetic modification of crops has resulted in

  • Increased tolerance against abiotic stresses (cold, drought, salt and heat).
  • Reduced reliance on chemical pesticides (pest-resistant crops).
  • Reduced post-harvest losses.
  • Enhanced nutritional value of food, for example. vitamin-A enriched golden rice.
  • Increased efficiency of minerals used by the plants (this prevents early exhaustion of fertility of soil).

Increase crop yield. Thus, option (4) is correct.

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Question 19. A transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries is

  1. Bt soybean
  2. Golden rice
  3. Flavr save tomatoes
  4. Starlink maize

Answer: 2. Golden rice

  • Golden rice is a transgenic food crop which may help in solving the problem of night blindness in developing countries.
  • Golden rice or miracle rice is rich in vitamin-A, β-carotene or iron and decaffeinated coffee is also the valuable achievement of gene transfer technology.

Question 20. Golden rice was created by transforming rice with two β-carotene biosynthesis genes, namely

  1. Psy and cry-i genes
  2. Lcy-e
  3. Chy-1
  4. Chy-2

Answer: 1. Psy and cry-i genes

Transgenic golden rice was created by transforming rice with two β-carotene biosynthesis genes, Psy (phytoene synthase) from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and cry I from the soil bacterium Erwinia uredovora.

Question 21. Which of the following is true for golden rice?

  1. It is vitamin-a enriched, with a gene from daffodil
  2. It is pest resistant, with a gene from Bacillus thuringiensis
  3. It is drought tolerant, developed using agrobacterium vector
  4. It has yellow grains, because of a gene introduced from a primitive variety of rice

Answer: 1. It is vitamin-a enriched, with a gene from daffodil

  • (1) Option (1) is true for golden rice as Golden rice is vitamin-A enriched, with a gene from daffodil and is rich in β-carotene.
  • Transgenic golden rice was created by transforming rice with two β-carotene biosynthesis genes, Psy (phytoene synthase) from daffodil (Narcissus pseudonarcissus) and cry 1 from the soil bacterium Erwinia uredovora.

Topic-wise Agricultural Biotechnology MCQs with Explanation

Question 22. Which of the following statements is incorrect about genetically modified plants?

  1. They have improved nutritional quality
  2. They are drought and salt resistant
  3. They cause loss of fertility of the soil
  4. They reduce post-harvest losses

Answer: 3. They cause loss of fertility of the soil

The statement in option (3) is incorrect about genetically modified plants. It can be corrected as Genetically modified plants have enhanced the efficiency of mineral usage to prevent early exhaustion of fertility of the soil. Rest statements are correct about genetically modified plants.

Question 23. Golden rice

  1. A transgenic variety of rice.
  2. Contains a good quality of βcarotene (provitamin-a).
  3. Β-carotene is a principal source of vitamin-a.
  4. The grains of the rice are yellow in colour due to β-carotene.
  5. The rice is commonly called golden rice.

Which of the statements given above is correct?

  1. 1, 2 And 3
  2. 2, 3 And 4
  3. 1, 3 And 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 And 4

Answer: 4. 1, 2, 3 And 4

  • All given statements about golden rice are correct as Golden rice is developed at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. The rice grains are golden yellow in colour due to the presence of β-carotene (provitamin-A).
  • It contains the ‘beta carotene’ gene from daffodil plants and also genes from some bacteria. Golden rice (a transgenic variety of rice) can prevent child blindness caused due to deficiency of vitamin-A.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 24. Which of the following is a transgenic plant?

  1. Hirudin
  2. Triticale
  3. Flavr save
  4. All of these

Answer: 3. Flavr save

  • A transgenic plant is a plant which contains and expresses a transgene. Among the following, the Flavr Savr tomato plant is a genetically engineered plant.
  • This Flavr Savr tomato can remain fresh for a long time than other varieties of tomato. Thus, it has delayed ripening, and a longer shelf-life, without spoiling the flavour.

Question 25. The transgenic plant ‘flavour save tomato’ carries an artificial gene for

  1. Delaying ripening process
  2. Longer shelf-life
  3. Retaining the flavour
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

  • All statements are correct. A transgenic plant is a plant which contains and expresses a transgene. Among the following, the Flavr Savr tomato plant is a genetically engineered plant.
  • This Flavr Savr tomato can remain fresh for a long time than other varieties of tomato. Thus, it has delayed ripening, and a longer shelf-life, without spoiling the flavour.

Question 26. Which enzyme is responsible for the ripening of tomatoes?

  1. Α-galactosidase
  2. Polygalacturonase
  3. Transferase
  4. Proteolase

Answer: 2. Polygalacturonase

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Polygalacturonase enzyme is responsible for the breakdown of cell wall pectin and is responsible for the ripening of tomatoes.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 27. Assertion flavour save, a transgenic tomato which remains fresh and retains its flavour for a long time. Reason (r) production of polygalacturonase enzyme, which degrades pectin, is blocked in flavour save.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A. Flavr Savr is a transgenic tomato variety. Fruits of this variety remain fresh and retain their flavour for much longer than normal fruits. It happens due to the blockage of the production of the pectin-degrading enzyme polygalacturonase.

Question 28. Isolation of gene from bacterium bacillus thuringiensis was taken up in the year

  1. 1977
  2. 1980
  3. 1997
  4. 1990

Answer: 2. 1980

Bt toxin is insect group-specific and is coded by a gene named cry. These genes were isolated from the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis for the first time in 1980.

Question 29. Bacillus thuringiensis is a bacterium found in

  1. Water
  2. Skin of cat
  3. Soil
  4. Surface of midgut

Answer: 3. Soil

The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis is a common soil bacterium.

Question 30. Bt cotton variety that was developed by the introduction of the toxin gene of bacillus thuringiensis (bt) is resistant to

  1. Fungal diseases
  2. Plant nematodes
  3. Insect predators
  4. Insect pests

Answer: 4. Insect pests

The bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis is widely used in contemporary biology as an insecticide. It produces a protein toxin that kills certain insect pests.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 31. Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce a protein that kills

  1. Lepidopterans
  2. Coleopterans
  3. Dipterans
  4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Some strains of Bacillus thuringiensis produce a protein that kills insects like lepidopterans, coleopterans and dipterans. Thus, option (4) is correct.

Question 32. Match the following columns.

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture MCQs Question 32 Match the following columns.

Answer: 1. A–1, B–2, C–3

Question 33. Bt toxin is

  1. An intracellular crystalline protein
  2. An extracellular crystalline protein
  3. An intracellular monosaccharide
  4. An extracellular polysaccharide

Answer: 1. An intracellular crystalline protein

Bt toxin is an intracellular crystalline protein. Specific Bt toxin genes obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are used in producing several transgenic crop plants like cotton.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 34. Some of the characteristics of bt cotton are

  1. Long fibre and resistance to aphids
  2. Medium yield, long fibre and resistance to beetle pests
  3. High yield and production of toxic protein crystals which kill dipteran pests
  4. High yield and resistance to bollworms

Answer: 4. High yield and resistance to bollworms

The characteristic of Bt cotton is high yield and resistance to bollworms. Bt toxin genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and incorporated into cotton plants to form a genetically modified crop called Bt cotton. It provides resistance against the bollworm in cotton

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Question 35. Bt toxin is lethal to insects as it

  1. Inhibits protein synthesis
  2. Generates excessive heat
  3. Creates pores in the midgut epithelial cells, leading to cell swelling and lysis
  4. Obstructs a biosynthetic pathway

Answer: 3. Creates pores in the midgut epithelial cells, leading to cell swelling and lysis

  • Bt toxins are initially inactive protoxins but after ingestion by the insects, their inactive toxins become active due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the crystals.
  • The activated toxin binds to the surface of the midgut epithelial cells, thus creating pores which cause cell swelling and lysis, further leading to the death of the insects.

NEET Biology Mcq Chapter Wise

Question 36. What triggers the activation of protoxin to active bt toxin of bacillus thuringiensis in bollworms?

  1. Body temperature
  2. The moist surface of the midgut
  3. An alkaline ph of gut
  4. An acidic ph of the stomach

Answer: 3. Alkaline ph of gut

  • Bt toxins are initially inactive protoxins but after ingestion by the insects, their inactive toxins become active due to the alkaline pH of the gut which solubilises the crystals.
  • The activated toxin binds to the surface of the midgut epithelial cells, thus creating pores which cause cell swelling and lysis, further leading to the death of the insects.

Question 37. Why is bt toxin not toxic to human beings?

  1. The toxin recognises only insect-specific targets
  2. Bt toxin activation requires temperature above the human body temperature
  3. Bt toxin formation from pro bt state which requires a ph lower than one present in the human stomach
  4. Conversion of pro bt to bt state takes place only in highly alkaline condition

Answer: 4. Conversion of pro bt to bt state takes place only in highly alkaline condition

Bt toxin is not toxic to human beings because the conversion of pro-Bt to Bt state takes place only in highly alkaline conditions.

NEET Biology Biofertilizers and Biopesticides MCQs

Question 38. Cry I endotoxins obtained from Bacillus thuringiensis are effective against

  1. Flies
  2. Mosquitoes
  3. Worms
  4. Nematodes

Answer: 3. Worms

Bt toxin is insect group-specific and is coded by a gene named cry. These genes were isolated from Bacillus thuringiensis and are incorporated into several crop plants. The proteins encoded by the genes cry 1 Ac and cry 2 Ab control the cotton bollworms.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 39. The protein products of genes cry I ac and cry ii ab are responsible for controlling

  1. Bollworm
  2. Roundworm
  3. Moth
  4. Fruitfly

Answer: 1. Bollworm

  • The cry gene of Bacillus thuringiensis produces a protein, which forms crystalline inclusions in the bacterial spores.
  • These crystal proteins are responsible for the insecticidal activities of bacterial strains. The protein encoded by the genes cry IAc and cry IIAb control the cotton bollworm and cry I Ab controls corn borer.

Question 40. Find out the odd one.

  1. Cry 2 ab–cotton bollworm
  2. Cry 1 ac–Colorado potato beetle
  3. Cry 1 ab–corn borer
  4. Cry 3 bb–corn rootworm

Answer: 2. Cry 1 ac–Colorado potato beetle

(2) Option (2) is odd because cry 1 Ac controls cotton bollworms whereas the Colorado potato beetle is controlled by cry 3 Ab.

Question 41. Corn has been made resistant to corn borer disease by the introduction of the gene

Cry 1 ac

Cry 2 ab

Cry 1 ab

Cry 2 ac

Answer: 3. Cry 1 ab

Corn has been made resistant to corn borer disease by the introduction of the gene cry IAb. This plant is known as Bt corn.

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Question 42. A protein toxin produced by Bacillus thuringiensis is

  1. Thurioside
  2. Thurin
  3. Subtilisin
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. Thurioside

Thurioside (a toxin protein) is toxic to several insects and produced by the bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 43. Given below are certain characteristics of trioxide protein. Identify the correct characteristics.

  1. It is activated by the alkaline ph of the gut of the insect pest.
  2. It binds with the epithelial cells of the midgut of the insect pest ultimately killing it.
  3. It does not kill the carrier bacterium which is itself resistant to this toxin.

Which of the statement given above are correct?

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 3. 2 And 3

All given statements are correct for trioxide protein. Thus, option (4) is correct.

Question 44. But tobacco was first cultured to kill

  1. Hornworm
  2. Bollworm
  3. Stem borer
  4. Tobacco budworm

Answer: 1. Hornworm

But tobacco was first cultured to kill hornworms. Tobacco plants containing a gene from a bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis have been produced. This bacterial gene specifies an insecticidal protein that destroys the stomach lining of insects and kills them.

Question 45. Match the following columns.

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture MCQs Question 45 Match the following columns.

Answer: 1. A–3, B–4, C–2, D–1

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 46. Consider the following statements.

  1. The Bt toxin gene has been cloned from the bacteria.
  2. Genetic engineering works only on animals and has not yet been successfully used on plants.
  3. Strains of Bacillus thuringiensis are used in producing bioinsecticidal plants.

Which of the statements given above is correct?

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 2. 1 And 3

Statements 1 and 3 are correct whereas statement 2 is incorrect and can be corrected as Genetic engineering is done on both animals and plants for commercial use.

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Question 47. Assertion a crop expressing a cry gene is usually resistant to a group of insects. Reason (r) cry proteins produced from bacillus thuringiensis are toxic to larvae of certain insects.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a

  • Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt), a soil bacterium produces a Cry protein (crystal protein). This protein is toxic to the larvae of certain insects.
  • There are several kinds of Cry proteins. Each Cry protein is toxic to a different group of insects. The gene encoding Cry protein, i.e. cry gene has been isolated and transferred into several crops. A crop expressing a cry gene is usually resistant to groups of insects.

NEET Exam Genetic Engineering in Agriculture Most Repeated MCQs

Question 48. The RNAi stands for

  1. Rna interference
  2. Rna interferon
  3. Rna inactivation
  4. Rna initiation

Answer: 1. Rna interference

RNAi stands for RNA interference. In this process, a complementary dsRNA binds to the mRNA and prevents it from translating thereby, silencing it.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 49. Rna interference involves

  1. Synthesis of mRNA from dna
  2. Synthesis of cDNA from RNA using reverse transcriptase
  3. Silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA
  4. Interference of RNA in the synthesis of dna

Answer: 3. Silencing of specific mRNA due to complementary RNA

  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a method of cellular defence in all eukaryotes. It is a system within living cells that help to control the activity of specific genes.
  • This method involves silencing of mRNA due to complementary double-stranded RNA that prevents translation of target gene or mRNA (silencing). The source of dsRNA is retrovirus (having RNA genome).

Question 50. In RNAi, the genes are silenced using

  1. Ds rna
  2. Ss dna
  3. Ss rna
  4. Ds dna

Answer: 1. Ds rna

  • Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is an effective trigger of gene silencing in vertebrate, invertebrate and plant systems.
  • RNA interference (RNAi) is a method of cellular defence in all eukaryotes. It is a system within living cells that help to control the activity of specific genes.
  • This method involves silencing of mRNA due to complementary double-stranded RNA that prevents translation of target gene or mRNA (silencing). The source of dsRNA is retrovirus (having RNA genome).

Question 51. Tumour-inducing (ti) plasmid transforms

  1. Animals
  2. Plants
  3. Bacteria
  4. Fungi

Answer: 2. Plants

Agrobacterium tumefaciens is a pathogenic bacterium that produces crown galls or tumours in plants on infection. It contains a large Ti plasmid (tumour-inducing plasmid) and it can transfer a part of its plasmid DNA to the host plant.

Question 52. Which of the following nematodes infects the roots of the tobacco plants and reduces the yield?

  1. Wuchereria
  2. Enterobius
  3. Meloidogyne incognita
  4. Manduca sexta

Answer: 3. Meloidogyne incognita

  • Nematodes, Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants and causes a great loss by causing a reduction in yield.
  • This infestation was prevented by using a novel strategy, which was based on the process of RNA interference (RNAi). RNA is a powerful reverse genetic tool to study gene function.

Ethical Issues in Agricultural Biotechnology MCQs for NEET

Question 53. Match the following columns and select the correct option.

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture MCQs Question 53 Match the following columns and select the correct option.

Answer: 4. A-4, B-1, C-2, D-3.

Question 54. ‘Silencing of mRNA molecule’ in order to control the production of a harmful protein has been used in the protection of plants from

  1. Bettles
  2. Armyworm
  3. Budworm
  4. Nematodes

Answer: 4. Nematodes

‘Silencing of mRNA molecule’ in order to control the production of a harmful protein has been used in the protection of plants from nematodes.

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Question 55. The dna of tobacco plants resistant to a nematode produces

  1. An antifeedant
  2. Both sense and antisense RNA
  3. A particular hormone
  4. Toxic protein

Answer: 2. Both sense and antisense RNA

  • A nematode, Meloidogyne incognita infects the roots of tobacco plants, which reduce the production of
    tobacco. It can be prevented by using the RNA interference process.
  • In this process, by using the Agrobacterium vector, nematode-specific genes were introduced into the host plants, which produced both sense and antisense RNA in the host cells.

Question 56. Rna interference is used for which of the following purposes in the field of biotechnology?

  1. To develop a plant tolerant to abiotic stresses
  2. To develop a pest-resistant plant against infestation by nematode
  3. To enhance the mineral usage by the plant
  4. To reduce post-harvest losses

Answer: 2. To develop a pest-resistant plant against infestation by nematode

  • RNA interference is used to develop a pest-resistant plant against infestation by the nematode. It takes place in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of cellular defence.
  • This method involves the silencing of a specific mRNA due to a complementary dsRNA molecule that binds to and prevents translation of the mRNA (silencing).

Question 57. Fill up the blanks.

  1. Agrobacterium vectors are used to introduce …a… Specific genes into the host plant.
  2. Rnai occurs in all eukaryotic organisms as a method of …b…
  3. The genes …c… And …d… Control cotton bollworms.
  4. …e… Has been introduced in bt corn to prevent infection of corn borer.

A to E in the above statements can be

  1. A–fungal, B–pest resistance, C–cry 1AB, D–cry 2ab, E–cry 1ac
  2. A–nematode, B –protection against nematodes, C–cry 1ac, D–cry 2ab, E–cry 1ab
  3. A–insects,  B–cellular defence, C–cry 2ab, D–cry 1ab, E–cry 2ac
  4. A–virus, B–protection against viral infection, C–cry 1ac, D–cry 2ab, E–cry 2ac

Answer: 2. A–nematode, B –protection against nematodes, C–cry 1ac, D–cry 2ab, E–cry 1ab

Question 58. Assertion agrobacterium tumefaciens is popular in genetic engineering because this bacterium is associated with the roots of all cereal and pulse crops. Reason (R) a gene incorporated in the bacterial chromosomal genome gets automatically transferred to the crops with which the bacterium is associated.

  1. Both a and r are true and r is the correct explanation of a
  2. Both a and r are true, but r is not the correct explanation of a
  3. A is true, but r is false
  4. Both a and r are false

Answer: 4. Both a and r are false

  • Both A and R are false. These can be corrected as Agrobacterium tumefaciens a pathogenic bacterium that produces crown galls or tumours in plants on infection.
  • It contains a large Ti plasmid (tumour-inducing plasmid) and it can transfer a part of its plasmid DNA to the host plant. Therefore, the bacterium can be used in the transfer of genes in biotechnological techniques.

Role of rDNA Technology in Agriculture MCQs for NEET

Question 59. Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are

  1. Crown gall bacterium and Caenorhabditis elegans
  2. Escherichia coli and agrobacterium tumefaciens
  3. Vibrio cholera and a tailed bacteriophage
  4. Diplococcus sp. And Pseudomonas sp.

Answer: 2. Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens

Two microbes found to be very useful in genetic engineering are Escherichia coli and Agrobacterium tumefaciens.

Question 60. Which of the following bt crops is being grown in India by the farmers?

  1. Cotton
  2. Brinjal
  3. Soyabean
  4. Maize

Answer: 1. Cotton

Bt cotton is being grown in India by the farmers. It is pest resistant plant which could decrease the pesticides used.

Question 61. Which one is a transgenic crop?

  1. Brinjal
  2. Potato
  3. Grape
  4. Pomato

Answer: 4. Pomato

The pomato is a transgenic plant that is produced by grafting together a tomato plant and a potato plant, both of which are members of the family–Solanaceae.

Question 62. Which agriculturally important bacterial gene is isolated from rhizobium?

  1. R-gene
  2. F-gene
  3. Nifgene
  4. T-dna

Answer: 3. Nifgene

Nifgene is an N2-fixing gene present in Rhizobium. It is transferred into plants to develop transgenic plants.

Question 63. Consider the following statements about transgenic tobacco plants.

  1. Transgenic tobacco plants contain a gene from a bacterium, bacillus thuringiensis.
  2. Bt gene is an insecticidal protein which damages the inner lining of the insects and kills it (insect).
  3. The tobacco plants having the bt gene produce their own insecticide.

biotechnology pyq neet

Which of the statements given above is correct?

  1. 1 And 2
  2. 1 And 3
  3. 2 And 3
  4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 4. 1, 2 And 3

  • All given statements are correct. Transgenic tobacco plants containing a gene (cry) from a bacterium, Bacillus thuringiensis have been produced.
  • This bacterial gene specifies an insecticidal protein that destroys the stomach lining of the insects and kills them. The tobacco plants with this gene produce their own insecticide. Thus, option (4) is correct.

Question 64. Match the following columns.

NEET Biology Biotechnological Applications in Agriculture MCQs Question 64 Match the following columns.

Answer: 1. A–2, B–3, C–4, D–1

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