NEET Biology Microbes In Industrial Products Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET Microbes In Industrial Products

Question 1. Which organism is responsible for alcoholic fermentation?

1. Chlorella
2. Yeast
3. Agaricus
4. Puccinia

Answer: 2. Yeast

Alcoholic fermentation is carried out by yeast. It converts sugars to ethanol, CO₂ and other metabolic byproducts.

Question 2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the commercial production of

1. Butanol
2. Ethanol
3. Methanol
4. Yeast

Answer: 2. Ethanol

Saccharomyces cerevisiae is used in the commercial production of ethanol. It is a single-celled eukaryotic budding yeast belonging to the ascomycetes (a highly diverse group of fungi).

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Question 3. Which one of the following enzymes is secreted by yeast for fermentation?

1. Enolase
2. Invertase
3. Zymase
4. Dehydrogenase

Answer: 3. Zymase

Zymase is secreted by yeast for fermentation. It is a mixture of enzymes obtained from yeast which catalyse the breakdown of sugars in alcoholic fermentation.

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Question 4. Identify the organism used in the production of beverages like wine, beer, whisky, brandy or rum.

1. Clostridium bretylium
2. Aspergillus niger
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Penicillium notatum

Answer: 3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Beverages are formed by fermenting malted cereals and fruit juices with saccharomyces cerevisiae or brewer’s yeast to produce ethanol.

Question 5. Brewer’s yeast is

1. Aspergillus fumigatus
2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3. Streptomyces griseus
4. Clostridium botulinum

Answer: 2. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Yeast species used in alcoholic fermentation is s. Cerevisiae. So, brewer’s yeast is saccharomyces cerevisiae.

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Question 6. The conversion of sugar into alcohol during fermentation is due to the direct action of

1. Temperature
2. Microorganisms
3. The concentration of sugar solution
4. Zymase

Answer: 4. Zymase

Conversion of sugar into alcohol directly is found in yeast fermentation in which glucose is converted to ethyl alcohol and CO₂. The conversion occurs in the presence of an enzyme called zymase which is found naturally in yeast.

Question 7. A non-distilled alcoholic beverage produced by using grain mash fermentation is

1. Beer
2. Rum
3. Curd
4. Wine

Answer: 1. Beer

A non-distilled alcoholic beverage produced from grain mash fermentation is beer. Beer has an alcoholic content of 3-6%.

Question 8. Which step is not involved in beer production?

1. Malting and mashing
2. Fermentation
3. Clarification and carboxylation
4. Distillation

Answer: 4. Distillation

• Distillation is not involved in beer production. Brewing is the process of production of malt beverages, for example, beer. It is a complex fermentation process.
• It differs from other industrial fermentation because flavour, aroma, clarity, colour, foam production, foam stability and percentage of alcohol are the factors associated with the finished product.

Question 9. Whisky is obtained by fermenting

1. Jowar and banjara
2. Groundnut and jowar
3. Barley, rye, maize
4. Milletes, oats

Answer: 3. Barley, rye, maize

Whisky or whiskey is a type of distilled alcoholic beverage made from fermented grain mash. Various grains (which may be malted) are used for different varieties, including barley, corn, rye, maize and wheat.

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Question 10. The distillation process is involved in

1. Production of beer
2. Production of wine
3. Production of whisky
4. Both (1) and (2)

Answer: 3. Production of whisky

The distillation process is involved in the production of whisky. It is not involved in the making of wine and beer.

Question 11. Match the following columns.

Answer: 1. A–1, 2; b–3, 4, 5

Question 12. What are the important products of yeast fermentation?

1. Ethanol and acetic acid
2. Butanol, glycerol and pyruvic acid
3. Phenylethanol, amyl alcohol and caproic acid
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

By fermentation, the yeast species saccharomyces cerevisiae converts carbohydrates to carbon dioxide, acetic acid and alcohols like ethanol, butanol, phenyl ethanol and amyl alcohol. Yeast produces caproic acid by the fermentation of corn.

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Question 13. The first antibiotic was discovered in the year

1. 1928
2. 1914
3. 1980
4. 1930

Answer: 1. 1928

Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered by alexander fleming in 1928.

Question 14. Most of the antibiotics are extracted from

1. Algae
2. Virus
3. Bacteria
4. Plants

Answer: 3. Bacteria

Most antibiotic drugs today are variations of substances that were originally isolated from bacteria or fungi. Penicillin is produced by a fungus, whereas streptomycin, chloramphenicol and tetracycline, are produced by soil bacteria.

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Question 15. The highest number of antibiotics are produced by

1. Bacillus
2. Penicillium
3. Streptomyces
4. Cephalosporium

Answer: 3. Streptomyces

Many of the most important antibiotics used in hospitals around the world come from streptomyces bacteria. They are valued by scientists because they produce a variety of ‘secondary metabolites’ chemicals that help the bacteria prosper by inhibiting rival microbes.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 16. The term ‘antibiotic’ was first coined by

1. Fleming
2. Pasteur
3. Waksman
4. Lister

Answer: 3. Waksman

• The chemical substances produced by some microbes which can kill or retard the growth of other microbes are called antibiotics.
• The term antibiotic was first coined by Waksman (1942). Penicillin was the first antibiotic to be discovered by alexander fleming (1928).

Question 17. Which one of the following is not an antibiotic?

1. Streptomycin
2. Citric acid
3. Griseofulvin
4. Cephalosporin

Answer: 2. Citric acid

Citric acid is obtained through the fermentation carried out by Aspergillus niger and mucor species on sugary syrups. It is not an antibiotic.

Question 18. The property of antibiotics to kill pathogenic microorganisms is called

1. Bacteriogenesis
2. Angiogenesis
3. Antibiosis
4. Antibiogenesis

Answer: 3. Antibiosis

Antibiosis is defined as an antagonist association between an organism (especially a microorganism) and the metabolic substances produced by another. This property of antibiotics is widely used to kill pathogenic microorganisms.

Question 19. Antibiotics are Kerala

1. Drugs to kill viruses
2. Toxins produced by bacteria
3. Products of bacterial metabolism
4. Both (2) and (3)

Answer: 4. Both (2) and (3)

Antibiotics are toxic chemical substances produced by bacteria during bacterial metabolism. These chemicals are used to kill pathogenic microorganisms, particularly bacteria. These do not act against viruses.

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Question 20. Antibiotics are used in the treatment of diseases like

1. Diphtheria, whooping cough
2. Plague
3. Leprosy
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Antibiotics are used as medicines for the treatment of a number of pathogenic bacterial diseases, e.g. Plaque, typhoid, tuberculosis, whooping cough, diphtheria, leprosy, etc.

Question 21. Streptomycin and actinomycin were discovered by

1. Waksman
2. Woodruff
3. Fleming and Waksman
4. Waksman and woodruff

Answer: 1. Waksman

Streptomycin and actinomycin were discovered by American biochemists Selman Waksman, Albert Schatz and Elizabeth Bugie in 1943.

Question 22. Which antibiotic was extensively used to treat American soldiers wounded in world war ii?

1. Streptokinase
2. Penicillin
3. Statins
4. Neomycin

Answer: 2. Penicillin

In 1940, e chain and h Florey obtained a relatively stable preparation of penicillin, which was extensively used to treat wounded American soldiers in World war-ii.

Question 23. Antibiotics of fungal origin are

1. Penicillin
2. Cephalosporin
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. Gentamicin

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

The first antibiotic to be mass-produced was penicillin, derived from the fungi, penicillium. The cephalosporins were first isolated from cultures of the fungus Cephalosporium acremonium.

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Question 24. Rhizopus nigricans is used in the production of

1. Citric acid
2. Gluconic acid
3. Fumaric acid
4. Acetic acid

Answer: 2. Gluconic acid

Rhizopus nigricans (mucor stolonifer) and some aspergilli are able to form fumaric acid.

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Question 25. Statins used as blood cholesterol-lowering agents are extracted from

1. Algae
2. Yeast
3. Virus
4. Bacteria

Answer: 2. Yeast

Statins are products of the fermentation activity of yeast monascus purpureus. They are used in lowering blood cholesterol. Statins competitively inhibit enzymes for cholesterol synthesis.

Question 26. Bioactive molecules produced from monascus purpureus which inhibit cholesterol synthesis in blood are

1. Gluconic acid
2. Statins
3. Gibberellins
4. Bacitracin

Answer: 2. Statins

Statins are products of the fermentation activity of yeast monascus purpureus. They are used in lowering blood cholesterol. Statins competitively inhibit enzymes for cholesterol synthesis.

Question 27. Identify the microbe used in the commercial production of butyric acid.

1. Clostridium bretylium
2. Streptococcus bretylium
3. Trichoderma polysporum
4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: 1. Clostridium bretylium

Clostridium butylicum is used in the commercial production of butyric acid.

Question 28. Cyclosporin-a, used as an immunosuppression agent is produced from

1. Saccharomyces purpureus
2. Monascus purpureus
3. Penicillium notatum
4. Trichoderma polysporum

Answer: 4. Trichoderma polypore

Cyclosporin-a is an eleven-membered cyclic oligopeptide obtained through the fermentative activity of the fungus Trichoderma polypore. It inhibits the activation of t-cells and therefore prevents rejection reactions in organ transplantation.

Question 29. Identify the blank spaces a, b, c and d given in the following table and select the correct answer. Type of microbe → scientific name → commercial product bacterium → a → lactic acid → fungus → b → cyclosporin-a → c→ monascus purpureus → d → fungus → e → penicillin

1. A–lactobacillus, b–Trichoderma polypore, c–yeast, d–statins, e–Penicillium notatum
2. A–staphylococcus, b–clostridium, c–yeast, d–penicillin, e– Penicillium notatum
3. A–lactobacillus, b–Microsporum, c–plant, d–yeast, e–Trichoderma polypore
4. A–staphylococcus, b–Microsporum, c–Agaricus, d–penicillin, e–lactobacillus

Answer: 1. A–lactobacillus, b–Trichoderma polypore, c–yeast, d–statins, e–Penicillium notatum

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Question 30. The utility of fungi for steroid conversion was demonstrated by

1. Kohler and Milstein
2. Murray and Peterson
3. Kornberg and miller
4. Waksman and Monod

Answer: 2. Murray and Peterson

Murray and Peterson demonstrated the utility of fungi for steroid conversion by using the Rhizopus stolonifera

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Question 31. Match column 1 and column 2 and choose the correct option from the codes given below.

Codes

1. 4 3 2 1
2. 3 2 1 4
3. 1 4 3 2
4. 2 1 4 3

Answer: 1. A–4, b–3, c–2, d–1

Question 32. During the production of tea, the flavouring of leaves is done with the help of

1. Bacillus subtilis
2. B. Aceti
3. B. Megatherium
4. B. Radicicola

Answer: 3. B. Megatherium

The flavouring of tea leaves is done by Bacillus megatherium. It is isolated from tea rhizospheres which help to solubilize phosphate and promotes the growth of tea plants. It also affects sclerotial blight disease and induces systemic resistance in tea plants.

Question 33. Chloromycetin is obtained from

1. Streptomyces griseus
2. Streptomyces venezuelae
3. Bacillus subtilis
4. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Answer: 2. Streptomyces venezuelae

Chloromycetin is an antibiotic first isolated from cultures of streptomyces venezuelae in 1947 but is now produced synthetically.

Question 34. For the commercial and industrial production of citric acid, which of the following microbe is used?

1. Aspergilus niger
2. Lactobacillus sp.
3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae
4. Clostridium bretylium

Answer: 3. Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Aspergillus niger is used to prepare citric acid.

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Question 35. The enzyme which is used as a ‘clot buster’ to cure a patient suffering from myocardial infarction is

1. Rennet
2. Streptokinase
3. Proteases
4. Lipases

Answer: 2. Streptokinase

Enzyme streptokinase is used as a ‘clot buster’ for removing blood clots from the blood vessels of patients suffering from myocardial infarction.

Question 36. Match column 1 and column 2 and choose the correct option from the codes given below.

Answer: 1. A–4, b–3, c–2, d–1

Question 37. Which one of the following is a wrong match of a microbe and its industrial product?

1. Yeast – statins
2. Acetobacter aceti – acetic acid
3. Clostridium acetobutylicum – lactic acid
4. Aspergillus niger – citric acid

Answer: 3. Clostridium acetobutylicum – lactic acid

Butyric acid is produced during the fermentation activity of the bacterium Clostridium acetobutylicum. Lactic acid fermentation is carried out by Lactobacillus sp. Rest options are correctly matched pairs.

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Question 38. Consider the following statements.

1. The yeast used in making bread and beverages is a prokaryotic fungus.
2. Streptokinase produced by streptococcus is modified by genetic engineering and used as a clot buster.
3. Lipases are added to detergent for removing oily stains from laundry.
4. Pectinases are used in clearing fruit juices.

Choose the option containing

Correct statements.

1. 1, 2, 3 And 4
2. 1, 2 And 3
3. 2, 3 And 4
4. 3 And 4

Answer: 3. 2, 3 And 4

All given statements are correct except i. The incorrect statements can be corrected as yeast used in baking and in the preparation of alcoholic beverages is a type of eukaryotic fungus.

Question 39. Which industrial products are synthesised from microbes?

1. Antibiotics
2. Fermented beverages
3. Bioactive molecules
4. Enzymes

Choose the correct option.

1. 3 And 4
2. 2, 3 And 4
3. 1, 3 And 4
4. 1, 2, 3 And 4

Answer: 4. 1, 2, 3 And 4

All given industrial products are synthesised from microbes. Microbes are used to synthesise a number of products valuable to human beings. Beverages, antibiotics, bioactive molecules and enzymes are some examples.

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Question 40. Identify the blank spaces a, b, c and d given in the following table and select the correct answer.

1. A–Trichoderma polisporum, b–yeast, c–as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients, d–as a blood-cholesterol lowering agent
2. A–Trichoderma polisporum, b–protozoa, c–as blood-cholesterol lowering agent, d–as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients
3. A–clostridium bretylium, b–yeast, c–used as a clot buster, d–as a blood-cholesterol agent
4. A–clostridium bretylium, b–yeast, c–as blood-cholesterol lowering agent, d–used as a clot buster

Answer: 1. A–Trichoderma polisporum, b–yeast, c–as an immunosuppressive agent in organ transplant patients, d–as a blood-cholesterol lowering agent

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Question 41. Probiotics are

1. Cancer inducing microbes
2. New kinds of food allergens
3. Live microbial food supplement
4. Safe antibiotics

Answer: 3. Live microbial food supplement

Probiotics are defined as live microorganisms, including lactobacillus species, bifidobacterium species and yeasts, that may beneficially affect the host upon ingestion by improving the balance of the intestinal microflora. These are widely used as food supplements.

Question 42. Read the following statement having two blanks a and b. A drug used for …a… Patients are obtained from a species of the organism … B…

The one correct option for the two blanks is

1. A–heart, b–penicillium
2. A–organ transplant, b–trichoderma
3. A–swine flu, b–monascus
4. A–aids, b–pseudomonas

Answer: 2. A–organ transplant, b–trichoderma

Question 43. Match the following organisms in column 1 with the products they produce in column 2.

Codes

1. 2 4 5 3
2. 2 4 3 5
3. 3 4 5 1
4. 2 1 3 5

Answer: 2. A–2, b–4, c–3, d–5

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Question 44. Match the following columns.

Answer: 1. A–2, b–1, c–4, d–3

Question 45. Consider the following statements.

1. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by some microorganisms, which can kill or retard the growth of other disease-causing microorganisms.
2. Penicillin is the first antibiotic to be discovered and was discovered by alexander fleming (1928) while working on the bacterium Staphylococcus aureus.
3. The function of penicillin as an antibiotic was established by Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.

Choose the option containing 

Correct statements.

1. 1 And 2
2. 1 And 3
3. 2 And 3
4. 1, 2 And 3

Answer: 4. 1, 2 And 3

• All given statements are correct. Antibiotics are chemical substances produced by some microorganisms, which can kill or retard the growth of other disease-causing microorganisms. Penicillin, discovered by alexander fleming, is the first antibiotic to be discovered.
• While working on staphylococcus aureus bacteria, Fleming observed the growth of mould around, where the bacteria did not grow.
• It was found to be a chemical penicillin, produced by penicillium notatum. The function of penicillin as an antibiotic was established by Ernst Chain and Howard Florey.

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Question 46. Fill up the blanks.

1. Ethanol is produced by the action of …a…
2. Large-scale fermentation in industries is carried out in large vessels called …b…
3. Penicillin was discovered by …c…
4. Lab checks disease-causing microbes in …d…

A to D in the above statements refer to

1. A–virus, b–fermenters, c–Alexander fleming, d–intestine
2. A–yeast, b–fermenters, c–Alexander fleming, d–stomach
3. A–chest, b–fermenters, c–s Waksman, d–bacteria
4. A–bacteria, b–fermenters, c–s waksman, d–liver

Answer: 2. A–yeast, b–fermenters, c–Alexander fleming, d–stomach