NEET Biology Plant Breeding Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers Plant Breeding

Question 1. The largest industry and main occupation in India is

  1. Oil
  2. Agriculture
  3. Transport and communication
  4. Steel

Answer: 2. Agriculture

  • Agriculture accounts for approximately 33% of India’s GDP and employs nearly 62% of the population.
  • So, the largest industry and main occupation in India is agriculture.

Read And Learn More: NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 2. Science of altering the genetic pattern of plants in order to increase their value and utility for human welfare is called

  1. Plant breeding
  2. Agriculture
  3. Plant genetics
  4. Botany

Answer: 1. Plant breeding

plant breeding class 12th

Plant breeding is the science of altering the genetic pattern of plants so as to increase desired characteristics, value and utility for human welfare.

Question 3. The objectives of plant breeding include

  1. Production of high-yielding varieties
  2. Improvement in the quality of crops
  3. Increasing the tolerance limits to environmental stresses
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Plant breeding is the purposeful manipulation of plant species in order to create plant types that are better suited for cultivation, give better high-yielding varieties, tolerant to environmental stresses and are disease resistant.

NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs with answers

Question 4. The root of any breeding programme is

  1. Genetic variability
  2. Cross hybridisation
  3. Hybrid vigour
  4. Heterosis

Answer: 1. Genetic variability

Genetic variability is the root of any breeding programme. During breeding of plants pre-existing genetic variability is collected from wild varieties, species and relatives of the cultivated crop species.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

NEET Biology Plant Breeding Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Important MCQs on Plant Breeding for NEET

Question 5. Pureline breed refers to

  1. Heterozygosity only
  2. Homozygosity only
  3. Homozygosity and self-assortment
  4. Heterozygosity and linkage

Answer: 2. Homozygosity only

Homozygosity refers to the pattern of inheritance of same alleles for a particular gene from both parents. It is induced by pure line breeds.

Question 6. A true breeding plant is

  1. One that is able to breed on its own
  2. Produced due to cross-pollination among unrelated plants
  3. Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind
  4. Always homozygous recessive in its genetic constitution

Answer: 3. Near homozygous and produces offspring of its own kind

  • True breeding line is one that, have undergone continuous self-pollination, shows stable trait inheritance and expression for several generations.
  • It is both homozygous recessive as well as dominant in the genetic constitution and produces progeny of its own kind.

Question 7. In plant breeding, the entire collection of plants/seeds having diverse alleles of all genes in a particular organism is called

  1. Gene bank
  2. cDNA library
  3. Genomic library
  4. Germplasm

Answer: 4. Germplasm

  • Germplasm is the sum total of all the alleles of the genes present in a crop and its related species.
  • The entire collection of plants/seeds having all the diverse alleles for all genes in a given crop is called germplasm collection.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 8. A good germplasm collection is essential for

  1. A successful breeding programme
  2. Hybridisation
  3. Selection of plant
  4. Emasculation

Answer: 1. A successful breeding programme

A good germplasm collection is essential for a successful breeding programme.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 9. Improvement of crops by preserving germplasm in frozen state is called 

  1. Cold storage preservation
  2. Cryopreservation
  3. Vernalisation
  4. In situ preservation

Answer: 2. Cryopreservation

Cryopreservation or cryopreservation is a process where organelles, cells, tissues, extracellular matrix, organs or any other biological constructs, susceptible to damage caused by unregulated chemical kinetics are preserved by cooling (frozen) at very low temperatures.

Question 10. Cryopreservation of germplasm is done at

  1. 0°C
  2. – 50° C
  3. – 196° C
  4. – 273° C

Answer: 3. – 273° C

The term ‘cryopreservation’ (cryogenic preservation) refers to the storage of cells, tissues and organs at the ultralow temperature in liquid nitrogen (-196°C).

Question 11. Which of the following is the main aim of the evaluation of germplasm in plant breeding programmes?

  1. To identify plants with desirable combinations of characters
  2. For effective exploitation of the natural genes
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. For a collection of variability

Answer: 1. To identify plants with a desirable combination of characters

Evaluation of germplasm is carried out to identify plants with desirable combinations of characters.

NEET quiz on Plant Breeding with solutions

Question 12. The various methods of crop improvement are

  1. Selection
  2. Hybridisation
  3. Polyploidy
  4. Mutation breeding
  5. Genetic engineering

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
  2. 1, 2, 3 and 5
  3. 2, 3, 4 and 5
  4. 1, 3, 4 and 5

Answer: 1. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5

All the listed methods are used in the crop improvement programme

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 13. Selection of homozygous plant is

  1. Mass selection
  2. Pureline selection
  3. Mixed selection
  4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Pureline selection

Pureline is true breeding genotype, a line that has been rendered homozygous for all genes under consideration in successive generations, a line in which homozygous individuals produce only homozygous offspring like parents. Thus, pure line breed refers to homozygosity only.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 14. The simplest selection of cross-pollinated crop is

  1. Selection
  2. Introduction
  3. Mass selection
  4. None of these

Answer: 3. Mass selection

  • Mass selection is the method of selection practised in self-pollinated or cross-pollinated plants.
  • Here, a number of superior variety plants are selected from mixed populations, harvested and their products are combined together, i.e. enmassed.
  • These are sown in next year and further selection is made in the same way. This is repeated for 5 to 6 generations or more till desired improvement is obtained.
  • It takes 8 years to get the new desired variety by mass selection.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 15. Hybrid vigour is mostly occurred due to

  1. Heterozygosity
  2. Homozygosity of pure characters
  3. The superiority of all the genes
  4. Mixing up of cytoplasm of the male with that of female exclusively

Answer: 1. Heterozygosity

  • Hybrid vigour or heterosis is defined as the superiority of the hybrid over its parents in which the expression of characteristics is greater in the heterozygous offspring than in homozygous parents.
  • So, the hybrid vigour is mostly occurred due to heterozygosity.

Question 16. Why is there a requirement for breeding plants?

  1. Lack of adequate food having sufficient nutritional requirements in the world.
  2. The majority of population are unable to buy food resources high in nutrients.
  3. Essential micronutrients are absent from diet.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1, 2 and 3

  • All given statements are correct. Three billion people suffer from protein, vitamin and micronutrient deficiencies as these people cannot afford to buy enough vegetables, fruits, legumes, fish and meat.
  • Their food does not contain essential micronutrients such as iron, iodine, zinc and vitamin-A.
  • Breeding of crops with higher levels of vitamins, minerals or higher protein and healthier fats is called biofortification.
  • This is the most practical aspect to improve the health of the people.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 17. Mating between two individuals differing in genotype to produce genetic variation is called

  1. Domestication
  2. Introduction
  3. Hybridisation
  4. Mutation

Answer: 3. Hybridisation

Hybridisation is the production of new varieties by crossing two or more plants having different genetic constitution.

Question 18. Genetic diversity in agricultural crops is threatened by

  1. Introduction of high-yielding varieties
  2. Intensive use of fertilisers
  3. Extensive intercropping
  4. Intensive use of biopesticides

Answer: 1. Introduction of high-yielding varieties

  • Genetic diversity in agricultural crops is mostly threatened by the introduction of high-yielding varieties because the latter eliminate or minimise the cultivation of rest of the species.
  • High-yielding varieties already have the required traits and hence, these are always bred purely.

Question 19. Scientists have problems in introducing new genetically improved food centres around due to

  1. Adverse effect on economy of developing countries
  2. Adverse effect on marketing and production of seed crops
  3. New allergens and diseases in human due to the introduction of new foreign proteins
  4. Thier unpalatable to humans

Answer: 3. New allergens and diseases in human due to introduction of new foreign proteins

Scientists have problems in introducing new genetically improved food centres around due to new allergens and diseases in human due to the introduction of new foreign proteins.

Question 20. Desired improved varieties of economically useful crops are raised by

  1. Migration
  2. Biofertiliser
  3. Hybridisation
  4. Natural selection

Answer: 3. Hybridisation

In hybridisation, two or more plants of different genotypes are crossed together to get offspring with new desirable combinations of characters as a result of genetic recombinations.

Question 21. By which of the following methods, new and better varieties of plants can be formed?

  1. Selection
  2. Grafting
  3. Hybridisation
  4. Hybridisation followed by selection

Answer: 4. Hybridisation followed by selection

plant breeding class 12th

  • Selection is picking up only those plants for reproduction which have desired qualities.
  • Hybridisation is the crossing of two or more types of plants for bringing their traits together in the progeny.
  • Thus, new and better varieties of plants can be formed by hybridisation followed by selection method.

Question 22. The process of removing stamens from the flower bud during hybridisation is called

  1. Crossing
  2. Selfing
  3. Emasculation
  4. Capping

Answer: 3. Emasculation

Emasculation is the process of removal of stamens to prevent self-pollination during hybridisation.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 23. Emasculation helps to prevent

  1. Diseases
  2. Cross-pollinations
  3. Self-pollination
  4. Fertilisation

Answer: 3. Self-pollination

Question 24. In plant breeding, cross-hybridisation is a tedious process because

  1. Pre-existing genetic variability is to be collected from various varieties of a species
  2. Progeny with hybrid and desired characters should be chosen
  3. In order to obtain a hybrid, emasculation and bagging technique must be performed
  4. Both 1 and 2

Answer: 3. In order to obtain a hybrid, emasculation and bagging technique must be performed

Cross-hybridisation is a time-consuming and tedious process because it involves emasculation and bagging techniques to transfer desired pollen grains to a desire plant.

Question 25. Hybrid vigour is induced by

  1. Clonal selection
  2. Crossing in same plant
  3. Crossing two plants
  4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Crossing two plants

Hybrid vigour is induced by crossing two or more plants having different genetic constitution.

Question 26. Consider the following statements.

  1. Inbreeding is not used in crop improvement.
  2. Inbreeding does not induce variations

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct

  • Inbreeding does not help in inducing variation, instead it will increase homozygosity.
  • Therefore, it is not used for crop improvement programmes.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 27. Given below are steps involved in plant breeding.

  1. Collection of germplasm
  2. …A…
  3. Cross breeding/hybridisation.
  4. …B…
  5. Testing, release and commercialisation of the new cultivar.

Choose the option containing correct missing steps A and B.

  1. A-Selection of parents, B-Testing of superior recombinants
  2. A-Evaluation of parents, B-Selection of parents
  3. A-Testing of recombinants, B-Selection of superior recombinants
  4. A-Evaluation and selection of parents, B-Selection and testing of superior recombinants

Answer: 4. A-Evaluation and selection of parents, B-Selection and testing of superior recombinants

NEET expected MCQs on Plant Breeding 2025

Question 28. If breeders want to incorporate desired characteristics into the crop plants, they should

  1. Increase yield and improve quality.
  2. Increase tolerance to salinity.
  3. Increase pathogen resistance.
  4. Increase tolerance to insect pests.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1, 2 and 3
  3. 2, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

All the given steps are required to get the desired characters into the crop plants.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 29. Who is the pioneer of mutational breeding in India?

  1. Dr Khorana
  2. Dr Basiswar Sen
  3. Dr Pushkar Nath
  4. Dr Swaminathan

Answer: 4. Dr. Swaminathan

  • Dr Swaminathan is the pioneer of mutational breeding in India.
  • Other options are explained as Dr Khorana synthesised artificial genes.
  • Dr Pushkar Nath is a famous potato breeder. Dr Basiswar Sen is a famous maize breeder.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 30. The name of Norman Borlaug is associated with

  1. Green revolution
  2. Yellow revolution
  3. White revolution
  4. Blue revolution

Answer: 1. Green revolution

  • The scientists associated with Green Revolution are Vogel, NE Borlaug, O.
  • Eggum and MS Swaminathan. The Father of Green Revolution is Borlaug, who transferred the dwarf genes of wheat species ‘Gaines’ to Mexican spring wheat.
  • The semidwarf varieties (90-120 cm) brought the Green revolution.

Question 31. Father of Green Revolution in India is

  1. MS Swaminathan
  2. NE Borlaug
  3. Misra
  4. P Maheswari

Answer: 1. MS Swaminathan

Professor Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan has been recognised as the Father of the Green Revolution in India.

Question 32. In 1963, during green revolution, an increase in crop production of wheat was due to the introduction of

  1. Semidwarf varieties of wheat
  2. Jaya and Ratna
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Sonalika and Kalyan Sona

Answer: 1. Semidwarf varieties of wheat

  • In 1963, an increase in crop production was due to the introduction of semidwarf varieties of wheat.
  • Semidwarf wheat was developed by Norman E Borlaug at International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement in Mexico.

Question 33. Green Revolution in India was possible due to

  1. Exploitation of high-yielding varieties
  2. Intensive cultivation
  3. Better irrigation, fertilisers and pesticide facilities
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

During the 1970s, India witnessed a rapid increase in the production of agricultural products (particularly wheat) through the introduction of high-yielding varieties, increased irrigation facilities, application of fertilisers and pesticides, multiple cropping and better agricultural management or intensive cultivation.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 34. The Nobel prize in year 1970 for food technology was won by

  1. Swaminathan
  2. Norman Borlaug
  3. Sundarlal Bahuguna
  4. Primji

Answer: 2. Norman Borlaug

In 1970, Norman Borlaug was awarded the Nobel Peace Prize by the Norwegian Nobel Committee ‘for his contributions to the green revolution. ’It had a huge impact on food production, particularly in Asia and in Latin America.

Question 35. India’s wheat yield revolution in the 1960s was possible primarily due to

  1. Increased chlorophyll content
  2. Mutations resulting in plant height reduction
  3. Quantitative trait mutations
  4. Hybrid seeds

Answer: 2. Mutations resulting in plant height reduction

High yield of India’s wheat yield revolution in 1960s was possible primarily due to the mutations resulting in plant height reduction.

Question 36. Semidwarf rice varieties were introduced in India in

  1. 1966
  2. 1965
  3. 1967
  4. 1969

Answer: 1. 1966

Semidwarf rice varieties were introduced in India in 1966.

NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs with explanations

Question 37. Better-yielding semidwarf varieties of rice are

  1. Jaya and Ratna
  2. Himgiri and Sonora-64
  3. Sonalika and Kalyan Sona
  4. Co-421 and Co-419

Answer: 1. Jaya and Ratna

  • Jaya and Ratna are semiwarf rice varieties.
  • Other options are explained as Himgiri, Sonora-64, Sonalika, Kalyan Sona are improved varieties of wheat. Whereas, Co-421 and Co-419 are improved varieties of sugarcane.

Question 38. Semidwarf varieties of rice were developed from

  1. IR-8
  2. Taichung Native-1
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Jaya and Ratna

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Semidwarf varieties of rice were developed from IR-8 and Taichung Native-1.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 39. Semidwarf wheat was developed at

  1. International Centre for Wheat and Maize Improvement, Brazil
  2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement in Mexico
  3. International Centre for Wheat and Rice Improvement, Japan
  4. International Centre for Wheat and Gram Improvement, Peru

Answer: 2. International Maize and Wheat Improvement in Mexico

In International Centre for Maize and Wheat Improvement, Mexico, semidwarf wheat was developed.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 40. Which tropical species of sugarcane is high yielding and with high sugar content?

  1. Saccharum barberi
  2. Saccharum officinarum
  3. Sharbati Sonora
  4. Sorghum

Answer: 2. Saccharum officinarum

  • Saccharum Officinarum is high yielding variety of sugarcane and it has high sugar content.
  • Other options are explained as
  • Saccharum barberi is a variety of sugarcane with poor yield and less sugar content sugarcane.
  • Sharbati Sonora is a hybrid variety of wheat.
  • Sorghum is a genus of family- Poaceae

Question 41. Polyploidy is induced in plants by the chemicals

  1. 2, 4-D
  2. 2, 4, 6-T
  3. Cytokinin
  4. Colchicine
  5. Cycocel

Answer: 4. Cycocel

  • Polyploidy is the phenomenon of having more than two sets of chromosomes or genomes.
  • The induction of polyploidy is a common technique to overcome the sterility of a hybrid species during plant breeding.
  • Polyploidy in crop plants is most commonly induced by treating seeds with the chemical colchicine.

Question 42. Triticale is an example of

  1. Autopolyploidy
  2. Allopolyploidy
  3. Aneuploidy
  4. None of these

Answer: 2. Allopolyploidy

  • Allopolyploidy has developed through hybridisation between two species followed by the doubling of chromosomes.
  • Triticale is the first man-made allopolyploid, developed by crossing wheat (Triticum turgidum) and rye (Secale cereale).

Question 43. In crop improvement programmes, haploids are of great importance because they

  1. Grow better under adverse conditions
  2. Are useful in the study of meiosis
  3. Require only about half the amount of chemical fertilisers compared to diploids
  4. Give homozygous lines

Answer: 4. Give homozygous lines

In crop improvement programmes, haploids are of great importance because they can immediately express mutation and also form homozygous line or pure lines.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 44. Given below are different varieties of food crops and their categories.

  1. Kalyan Sona – Semidwarf wheat
  2. IR-8 – Semidwarf rice
  3. Ratna – Native wheat variety
  4. Kalyan Sona – Native rice variety

Choose the option containing incorrectly matched pairs.

  1. 1 and 3
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 1 and 4

Answer: 3. 3 and 4

  • 3 and 4 are incorrectiy matched pairs and can be corrected as Ratna is semidwarf variety of rice and Kalyan Sona is a semidwarf variety of wheat.
  • Rest others are correctly matched pairs.

Question 45. Several South Indian states raise 2-3 crops of rice annually. The agronomic feature that make this possible is

  1. Shorter rice plant
  2. Better irrigation facilities
  3. Shorter maturity duration
  4. Disease-resistant rice variety

Answer: 3. Shorter maturity duration

Several South Indian states raise 2-3 crops of rice annually. The agronomic feature relies in the fact that it makes early-yielding rice variety possible, i.e. it has a short maturity duration.

Question 46. International Rice Research Institute (IRRI) is situated at

  1. New York (USA)
  2. Tokyo (Japan)
  3. Laguna (Philippines)
  4. Hyderabad (India)

Answer: 3. Laguna (Philippines)

IRRI was founded in 1960 by Ford and Rockefeller Foundations. It is situated in Laguna (Philippines).

Question 47. ________ is the genetic ability of a plant to prevent pathogens from causing disease.

  1. Resistance
  2. Prevention
  3. Pathogenicity
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. Resistance

The genetic ability of a plant to prevent pathogens from causing disease is called resistance.

Question 48. The method of breeding technique that helps a plant in acquiring disease resistance is/are

  1. Conventional breeding techniques
  2. Mutational breeding
  3. Inbreeding

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. Only 1
  4. Only 3

Answer: 1. 1 and 2

  • Breeding is carried out by conventional breeding techniques or by mutational breeding. The conventional method of breeding for disease resistance involves hybridisation and selection.
  • Mutation breeding is defined as the process of breeding by artificially inducing mutations using chemicals (like aniline) or radiation (like gamma radiation).
  • Thus, conventional breeding and mutational breeding help a plant in acquiring disease resistance.

Mock test on Plant Breeding for NEET preparation

Question 49. How can we make our crops disease resistant?

  1. By spraying insecticides and pesticides
  2. By crossing them with their wild relatives
  3. Destroying diseased ones
  4. Eliminating wild species

Answer: 2. By crossing them with their wild relatives

  • Genes from wild plants provide resistance against pests and diseases and improved tolerance to abiotic stresses.
  • Thus, crops can be made disease resistant by crossing them with their wild relatives.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 50. What is the outcome of increase in resistance power in crops?

  1. Enhanced production.
  2. Reduce in dependence on fungicides and bactericides.
  3. Reduce in dependence on technical agricultural tools.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 1. 1 and 2

  • Statement 1 and 2 are the outcome of increase in resistance power in crops.
  • The outcome of increase in resistance power in crops enhances food production.
  • This also helps to reduce the dependency on use of fungicides and bactericides.

Question 51. Which disease was made resistant in the new variety of moong bean through mutation?

  1. Yellow mosaic virus
  2. Powdery mildew
  3. Black rust

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 1. 1 and 2

In moong beans, resistance to yellow mosaic virus and powdery mildew were introduced by mutations.

Question 52. Black rot of crucifers is

  1. Fungal disease
  2. Bacterial disease
  3. Viral disease
  4. Insect disease

Answer: 2. Bacterial disease

  • Black rot of crucifers is caused by the bacterium, Xanthomonas campestris. It is the most common and destructive disease of the cabbage family worldwide.
  • The disease spread quickly between plants in a row by splashing rain and gains entry through water pores at leaf margins or through wounds.
  • So, the black rot of crucifers is bacterial disease.

Question 53. Himgiri developed by hybridisation and selection for disease resistance against rust pathogens is a variety of

  1. Chilli
  2. Maize
  3. Sugarcane
  4. Wheat

Answer: 4. Wheat

‘Himgiri’ is a wheat variety that is resistant to leaf and stripe rust, hill bunt, etc.

Question 54. Resistance to the yellow mosaic virus in Bhindi was introduced from a wild species. This resulted in the birth of a new variety of A. esculentus called

  1. Golden Kranti
  2. Sonalika
  3. IR-8
  4. Parbhani

Answer: 4. Parbhani

In bhindi (Abelmoschus esculentus), resistance to yellow mosaic virus was introduced from a wild species resulting in a new variety called Parbhani Kranti.

Question 55. Which of the following is a correct match between crop, variety and resistance to diseases?

  1. Crop > Variety > Resistance to diseases
  2. Wheat > Himgiri > White rust
  3. Brassica > Pusa Sadabahar > Black rot
  4. Cowpea > Pusa Komal > Bacterial blight
  5. Chilli > Pusa Swarnim > Chilli mosaic virus

Answer: 3. Brassica > Pusa Sadabahar > Black rot

  • Option (3) is correct match whereas rest options are not correct match between crop, variety and resistance to diseases.
  • Incorrect matches can be corrected as Wheat > Himgiri > Leaf and stripe rust.
  • Brassica > Pusa Swarnim > White rust

Question 56. Match the following columns.

NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs Question 56 Match The Column

Answer: A-1, 2, 3; B-4, 5, 6; C-7, 8

Question 57. Consider the following statements.

  1. Maize variety shows resistance towards maize stem borers.
  2. Maize has low aspartic acid content and high nitrogen.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect

  • Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect. The incorrect statement can be corrected as
  • In maize, the presence of high aspartic acid, low nitrogen and sugar content, protect them from stem borers.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 58. Presence of hairy leaves of many plants are associated with

  1. Resistance to insect pests
  2. Resistance to bacteria
  3. Resistance to virus
  4. Resistance to bollworm

Answer: 1. Resistance to insect pests

Hairy leaves of many plants are associated with resistance to insect pests. For example, resistance to Jassids in cotton and cereal leaf beetle in wheat.

NEET practice test on Plant Breeding

Question 59. Which one of the following is linked to the discovery of the Bordeaux mixture as a popular fungicide?

  1. Bacterial leaf blight of rice
  2. Downy mildew of grapevine
  3. Loose smut of wheat
  4. Black rust of wheat

Answer: 2. Downy mildew of grapevine

  • Bordeaux mixture was discovered by Millardet in France in 1882. It is prepared by dissolving 40 g of copper sulphate and 40 g of calcium hydroxide in 5 L of water.
  • It was first used to control downy mildew disease of grapevine that is caused by a fungus Plasmopara viticola.

Question 60. The scientific process by which crop plants are enriched with certain desirable nutrients.

  1. Bioneutralisation
  2. Plant breeding
  3. Biofortification
  4. Bioremediation

Answer: 3. Biofortification

Biofortification focuses on making plant foods more nutritious when the plants are growing. The desired nutrients are infused in crop plants only.

Question 61. The objective of biofortification is to improve

  1. Protein content and quality
  2. Oil content and quality
  3. Vitamin content
  4. Micronutrients and mineral content

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 1, 2 and 4
  3. 2, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Plant breeding programme designed to increase the vitamins, minerals, higher protein and healthier fat content in crop yields is called biofortification.

Question 62. Co-421 and Co-453 are improved varieties of

  1. Wheat
  2. Rice
  3. Bajra
  4. Sugarcane

Answer: 4. Sugarcane

  • Co-421 and Co-453 are improved varieties of sugarcane.
  • These are high-yielding varieties in Bihar and UP.

Question 63. Sonora-64 and Lerma Rojo are the varieties of

  1. Wheat
  2. Rice
  3. Pea
  4. Maize

Answer: 1. Wheat

  • Sharbati Sonora and Pusa Lerma are the two important varieties of wheat that are responsible for Green Revolution in India.
  • These are produced by gamma rays treatment of Sonora- 64 and Lerma Rojo- 64, which are the Mexican dwarf varieties.

Question 64. Which is correct about Atlas-66?

  1. It has high protein content
  2. It has been used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Atlas-66 or soft wheat have been used since 1953 as a genetic source of higher protein in wheat. It has been used as a donor for improving cultivated wheat.

Question 65. Golden rice or Miracle Rice is transgenic rice rich in

  1. Vitamin-B and iron
  2. Vitamin-A and iron
  3. Vitamin-A and vitamin-B
  4. Iron only

Answer: 2. Vitamin-A and iron

Golden rice or miracle rice is a variety of rice (Oryza sativa) produced through genetic engineering to biosynthesise beta-carotene, a precursor of vitamin- A in the edible parts of rice. So, it is transgenic rice rich in vitamin-A and iron.

Question 66. Shakti, Rattan and Protina are three important lysine-rich varieties of

  1. Rice
  2. Pulses
  3. Wheat
  4. Maize
  5. Cotton

Answer: 4. Cotton

  • Three varieties of maize namely, Shakti, Rattan and Protina have been developed, evaluated and released for cultivation based on being rich in the amino acid, lysine.
  • Generally, cereal and millet proteins are deficient in lysine and tryptophan, amino acids which are called essential amino acids.

Question 67. Which variety of Okra shows insect resistance?

  1. Pusa Sawni
  2. Pusa Gaurav
  3. Pusa A-4
  4. Both 1 and 2

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 2

Pusa Sawni and Pusa A-4 are varieties of Okra (bhindi), which shows resistance towards shoot and fruit borer insects.

Question 68. Wonder wheat is new wheat variety developed by

  1. Mexico’s International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre
  2. Indian National Botanical Research Institute
  3. Australian Crop Improvement Centre
  4. African Crop Improvement Centre

Answer: 1. Mexico’s International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre

Wonder wheat is a new wheat variety with a yield of 18 tonnes per hectare. It has been some 200 grains per stalk and has developed by Mexico’s International Wheat and Maize Improvement Centre.

Question 69. Triticum aestivum, the common breed of wheat is

  1. Triploid with 21 chromosomes
  2. Tetraploid with 28 chromosomes
  3. Hexaploid with 42 chromosomes
  4. Diploid with 14 chromosomes

Answer: 3. Hexaploid with 42 chromosomes

  • A natural mutant of T. turgidum is represented by tetraploid T. durum. (4n = 28).
  • The latter was crossed with diploid wild grass, Aegilops squarrosa (2n = 14) under natural conditions.
  • The resultant triploid hybrid was sterile, which upon doubling of chromosomes, produced the hexaploid breed of wheat, Triticum aestivum (6n = 42).

Question 70. Quality of seed is certified by an agency called

  1. IRRI
  2. NSC
  3. INRI
  4. ICAR

Answer: 2. NSC

National Seed Corporation (NSC) is an agency which certifies the quality of seed.

Question 71. Dr MS Swaminathan could produce an amber-seeded high-yielding wheat variety called ‘Sharbati Sonora’ from the Mexican dwarf variety by using

  1. Radiations of ultraviolet and gamma rays
  2. Chemical mutagens
  3. Tissue culture
  4. Crossbreeding techniques

Answer: 1. Radiations of ultraviolet and gamma rays

Sharbati Sonora was produced by Dr MS Swaminathan through the radiations, i.e.ultraviolet and gamma rays treatment on Sonora- 64 which was the Mexican dwarf variety.

plant breeding class 12th

Question 72. Which plant has a potential source of protein almost equal to soybeans?

  1. Parthenium argentatum
  2. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus
  3. Lucaena leucocephala
  4. Simmondsia chinensis

Answer: 2. Psophocarpus tetragonolobus

  • Winged bean, Psophocarpus tetragonolobus (L.) DC. is analogous to soybean in yield and nutritional quality of protein.
  • Thus, it is a valuable alternative to soybean in tropical regions of the world.

Question 73. Match Column-1 with Column-2 and select the correct option from the codes given below.

NEET Biology Plant Breeding MCQs Question 73 Match The Column

Answer: A-3, B-4, C-1, D-2,

Question 74. The Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi has released several fortified vegetable crops that are rich in vitamins and minerals. Identify the option with correct nutrients and plants.

  1. Vitamin-A enriched–carrot, spinach and pumpkin
  2. Vitamin-C enriched–bitter gourd, bathua, mustard and tomato
  3. Iron and calcium-enriched– spinach and bathua
  4. Protein-enriched–broad beans, French bean and garden pea

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1, 3 and 4
  3. 2, 3 and 4
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. 1, 2, 3 and 4

All the options represent correctly match pairs.

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