NEET Biology Principles And Processes Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers Principles Of Biotechnology

Question 1. The application of engineering and technological principles to the life sciences is called

  1. Biology
  2. Biotechnology
  3. Biological science
  4. Genetic engineering

Answer: 2. Biotechnology

The application of engineering and technological principles to life sciences is called biotechnology. It is the science of engineering and technology for industrial and other purposes, especially the genetic manipulation of microorganisms for the production of antibiotics, hormones, etc

Question 2. The field of science that deals with microorganisms, plant or animal cells, or their enzymes to produce products and processes useful to humans is

  1. Microbiology
  2. Biotechnology
  3. Molecular biology
  4. Biochemistry

Answer: 2. Biotechnology

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Biotechnology deals with microorganisms, plants, or animal cells or their enzymes to produce products and processes useful to a human.

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Question 3. The term ‘biotechnology’ was given by

  1. Craig venter
  2. Robert Edward
  3. Karl ereky
  4. Wilcox and Kelley

Answer: 3. Karl Ereky

The term ‘Biotechnology’ was given in 1917 by a Hungarian Engineer, Karl Ereky, who describes a process of large-scale production of pigs.

Question 4. Efb stands for

  1. European federation of biotechnology
  2. Eurasian federation of biotechnology
  3. East Asia federation of biotechnology
  4. Ethiopian federation of biotechnology

Answer: 1. European federation of biotechnology

EFB stands for European Federation of Biotechnology. According to EFB, ‘Biotechnology is the integrated use of biochemistry, microbiology, and engineering sciences in order to achieve the technological application of the capabilities of microorganisms, cultured tissues/cells and part thereof.’

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Question 5. The technical manipulation of living organisms, to get the required products both in quality and quantity at low cost, on a massive scale is called

  1. Bioenergy
  2. Biophysics
  3. Biotechnology
  4. Biochemistry

Answer: 3. Biotechnology

“biotechnology principles and processes “

  • Biotechnology is the development of techniques for the application of biological processes for the production of materials to be used in medicine and industry.
  • By this technique, we prepare antibiotics, cheese, and wine through the activities of various fungi and bacteria.
  • Thus, the technical manipulation of living organisms, to get the required products both in quality and quantity at low cost, on a massive scale is called biotechnology.

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NEET Biology Principles And Processes Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 6. Who is the ‘father of genetic engineering’?

  1. Johann gregor mendel
  2. Paul berg
  3. Karl ereky
  4. Dale kaiser armin’

Answer: 2. Paul berg

In 1972, genetic engineering was started by Paul Berg. He was able to introduce a gene of the SV-40 virus into a bacterium with the help of the lambda phase. Berg is often considered as ‘Father of Genetic Engineering.’ He was awarded Nobel Prize in 1980.

Question 7. The term ‘genetic engineering is used for

  1. Blotting technique
  2. Rna reaction technique
  3. Protein synthesis technique
  4. Recombinant DNA technique

Answer: 4. Recombinant DNA technique

“plasmid has been used as vector because “

The term ‘recombinant DNA technology’ is used as a synonym for DNA cloning or gene cloning. A rather popular term for these processes is genetic engineering

Question 8. Modified forms of antibiotics are manufactured using the technique of

  1. Genetic engineering
  2. Ultracentrifugation
  3. Ultrafiltration
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Genetic engineering

Modified forms of antibiotics are manufactured using the technique of genetic engineering. Bacteria were the first organisms to be genetically modified.

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Question 9. Genetic engineering is the

  1. Formation of new genes naturally
  2. Formation of RNA from DNA artificially
  3. Modification of genes artificially
  4. Formation of DNA from non-DNA material

Answer: 3. Modification of genes artificially

  • Genetic engineering also called genetic modification, is the direct manipulation of an organism’s gene using biotechnology.
  • New DNA is obtained by either isolating or copying the genetic material of interest using recombinant DNA methods or artificially synthesizing the DNA.

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Question 10. Transfer of any gene into a completely different organism can be done through

  1. Genetic engineering
  2. Tissue culture
  3. Transformation
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Genetic engineering

  • Genetic engineering is a biological method in which the genes of one organism are inserted into another organism. Other options are explained as Tissue culture is a technique to grow living tissues in an artificial medium.
  • Transformation is a technique in which direct uptake and incorporation of external genetic material is done from its surroundings through the cell membrane

Question 11. Manipulation of genes and genetic material by man is a fast-emerging branch of science that started with the formation of recombinant DNA molecules.

  1. Identify this branch of science.
  2. Recombinant DNA technology
  3. Genetic engineering
  4. DNA manipulation technology
  5. All of the above

Answer: 4. Dna manipulation technology

“biotechnology principles and processes class 12 “

  • Manipulation of genes and genetic material by man is a fast-emerging branch of science, which started with the formation of recombinant DNA molecules.
  • This branch of science is named recombinant DNA technology, genetic engineering, and DNA manipulation technology.
  • This technology involves cutting and pasting desired DNA fragments into the specified hosts for the benefit of human beings.

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Question 12. Tool(s) used by stanley cohen and herbert boyer in genetic engineering was/were

  1. Antibiotic resistance
  2. Plasmid of salmonella
  3. E. Coli
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer generated the first recombinant DNA molecule by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium, also they developed a method of chemical cell transformation for E. coli and constructed a plasmid called pSC

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Question 13. The first recombinant DNA was constructed by

  1. Karl ereky
  2. Herbert boyer
  3. Stanley cohen
  4. Both (2) and (3)

Answer: 4. Both (2) and (3)

Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer generated the first recombinant DNA molecule by linking a gene encoding antibiotic resistance with a native plasmid of Salmonella typhimurium, also they developed a method of chemical cell transformation for E. coli and constructed a plasmid called pSC

Question 14. Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce large quantities of biologically active forms of which of the following products in e. Coli?

  1. Ecdysone
  2. Interferon
  3. Rifamycin
  4. Luteinizing hormone

Answer: 2. Interferon

Recombinant DNA technology can be used to produce medically useful proteins such as somatostatin, insulin, human growth hormone, and interferon in E. coli.

Question 15. The construction of the first recombinant DNA was done by using the native plasmid of

  1. E. Coli
  2. Salmonella typhimurium
  3. Bacillus thuringiensis
  4. Yeast
  5. (E) agrobacterium

Answer: 1. E. Coli

PBR322 of E. coli was the first and most widely used plasmid for the construction of recombinant DNA. The recombinant DNA molecule is a vector (for example plasmid, phage, or virus) into which the desired DNA fragment has been inserted to enable its cloning in an appropriate host.

“principles and processes of biotechnology “

Question 16. Restriction enzymes are also called as

  1. Molecular scissors
  2. Molecular bulbs
  3. Cell regulators
  4. Director of cells

Answer: 1. Molecular scissors

Restriction enzymes are also called ‘molecular scissors’ as they cleave DNA at or near specific recognition sequences known as restriction sites. These enzymes make one incision on each of the two strands of DNA and are also called restriction endonucleases.

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Question 17. Restriction endonuclease is used in

  1. Genetic engineering
  2. Tissue culture
  3. Cell fractionation
  4. Regeneration of tissues

Answer: 1. Genetic engineering

Restriction endonuclease is used in genetic engineering as it cut DNA molecules at specific sequences. The isolation of these enzymes was critical to the development of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology and genetic engineering.

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Question 18. Restriction enzymes used in recombinant DNA technology are obtained from

  1. Bacterial cells
  2. Plasmids
  3. Bacteriophages
  4. All eukaryotic cells

Answer: 1. Bacterial cells

Restriction enzymes are DNA-cutting enzymes found in bacteria and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Thus, restriction enzymes cased in recombinant technology are obtained from bacterial cells.

Question 19. Restriction endonucleases are enzymes which

  1. Make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule
  2. Recognize a specific nucleotide sequence for binding of DNA ligase
  3. Restrict the action of the enzyme DNA polymerase
  4. Remove nucleotides from the ends of the DNA molecule

Answer: 1. Make cuts at specific positions within the DNA molecule

Restriction endonuclease recognizes a specific DNA base sequence (recognition sequence, recognition site, restriction sequence, or restriction site having palindromic sequence) and cleaves both the strands of DNA at or near that site. The enzyme cuts the DNA, generating restriction fragments with overhanging ends or blunt ends.

Question 20. Cloning gene is a process where

  1. Gene is cloned in an animal
  2. Fragments of DNA are transferred from one organism to another, usually carried on a DNA vector
  3. Fragments of DNA cloned in the same organism using a carrier
  4. DNA is cloned in plants

Answer: 2. Fragments of DNA are transferred from one organism to another, usually carried on a DNA vector

Cloning is the process where a fragment of DNA from the donor cell is transferred to the recipient organism or cell with the help of vector DNA. Dolly sheep was the first cloned animal formed in 1997.

Question 21. ‘Cloning’ is meant for

  1. Production of the high gene in e. Coli
  2. To preserve the genotype of an organism
  3. To replace the original gene
  4. All of the above

Answer: 2. To preserve the genotype of an organism

A clone is a population of cells or individuals that are genetically identical. With the death of an organism, a particular genotype is lost.

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Question 22. Plasmid was introduced by

  1. Kohenberg
  2. Watson
  3. Joshua Lederberg and william hays
  4. Benda

Answer: 3. Joshua Lederberg and william hays

Plasmids were discovered by William Hays and Joshua Lederberg (1952).

Question 23. Plasmid is

  1. Double-stranded circular DNA
  2. Single-stranded DNA
  3. Extrachromosomal linear DNA
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Double-stranded circular dna

“which of the following is used in genetic engineering “

Plasmids are extrachromosomal, self-replicating, usually circular, double-stranded DNA molecules, found naturally in many bacteria and also in some yeast.

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Question 24. Which of the following is not used as a vector in genetic engineering?

  1. Plasmid
  2. Cosmids
  3. Bacteriophages
  4. Passenger dna

Answer: 4. Passenger dna

In molecular cloning, a vector is a DNA molecule used as a vehicle to artificially carry foreign genetic material into another cell, where it can be replicated and/ or expressed (for example plasmid, cosmid, Lambda phages).

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Question 25. The most important feature of a plasmid due to which it is used as a vector is

  1. Origin of replication
  2. Presence of a selectable marker
  3. Presence of sites for restriction endonuclease
  4. Its size

Answer: 1. Origin of replication

  • The most important feature in a plasmid to be used as a vector is the origin of replication (ori). The origin of replication is a specific sequence of DNA bases that is responsible for initiating replication.
  • A prokaryotic DNA has a single origin of replication, while eukaryotic DNA may have more than one origin of replication.

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