NEET Biology RNA World Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers RNA World

Question 1. TO Diener discovered

  1. Free infectious dna cbse aipmt 2009
  2. Infectious protein
  3. Bacteriophage
  4. Free infectious RNA

Answer: 4. Free infectious RNA

Theodor Otto Diener discovered the Potato Spindle Tuber Viroid (PSTVd), the first viroid ever identified in 1971. PSTVd is a small, circular RNA molecule.

Dr Diener discovered that the pathogen causing potato spindle tuber disease is not a virus, but a much smaller, free infectious RNA molecule.

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Question 2. Who was awarded the Nobel Prize for synthesis of RNA in 1959?

  1. S Ochoa
  2. H Khorana
  3. A Kornberg
  4. Nirenberg

Answer: 1. S Ochoa

The Nobel Prize for artificial synthesis of RNA was given to S Ochoa (1959).

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Question 3. RNA acts as genetic material in

  1. Bacteria
  2. Virus
  3. Fungi
  4. All of these

Answer: 2. Virus

RNA acts as genetic material only in viruses like polioviruses, HIV, etc.

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Question 4. Molecules which play the key role in the transfer of genetic information during protein synthesis are ……………..

  1. DNA
  2. RNA
  3. Nucleic acid
  4. Lipids

Answer: 2. RNA

DNA has all the information which is confined to the nucleus, it is only transferred with the help of RNA during protein synthesis.

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RNA also has a diverse function in the body which includes the enzymatic activity of ribozymes and the storage of genetic information in RNA viruses.

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Question 5. The backbone of RNA consists of which of the following sugars?

  1. Deoxyribose
  2. Ribose
  3. Sucrose
  4. Maltose

Answer: 2. Ribose

The backbone of RNA is made up of ribose sugar (C5 H10 O5 )

Question 6. Ribose sugar is present in Karnataka CET 2009

  1. RNA polymerase and ATP
  2. RNA and ATP
  3. RNA polymerase, RNA and ATP
  4. RNA only

Answer: 2. RNA and ATP

Ribose (d-ribose) is a type of simple sugar or carbohydrate that our bodies make. D-ribose is a naturally occurring monosaccharide within the pentose pathway that assists in ATP production.

It is a 5-carbon chain (also called aldopentose) and is a key component of DNA, Ribonucleic Acid (RNA), acetyl coenzyme-A and ATP.

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Question 7. Viruses having RNA genomes have a shorter lifespan mutate and evolve faster because

  1. RNA is unstable, hence mutates at a faster rate
  2. RNA is stable and, hence mutates at a faster rate
  3. RNA is stable and mutates at a slower rate
  4. RNA is unstable and mutates at a slower rate

Answer: 1. RNA is unstable, hence mutates at a faster rate

Both DNA and RNA are able to mutate. RNA being unstable mutates at a faster rate. Consequently, viruses having RNA genomes and shorter lifespans mutate and evolve at a faster rate

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Question 8. Genetic information transfers from the nucleus to the cytoplasm by MP PMT 2005

  1. DNA
  2. RNA
  3. Lysosome
  4. All of these

Answer: 2. RNA

The type of RNA that contains the genetic information for making a protein is called messenger RNA

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Question 9. A maximum amount of RNA is present in

  1. Cytoplasm
  2. Nucleus
  3. Ribosomes
  4. Mitochondria

Answer: 3. Ribosomes

The maximum amount of RNA in a cell is rRNA, forming 80% of the total cellular RNA. It is found associated with the ribosomes

Question 10. Consider the following statements.

Purines in RNA are adenine and guanine.
RNA contains two pyrimidine bases, viz. thymine and cytosine.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 3 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect

Statement I is correct, but II is incorrect. The incorrect statement can be corrected as In the case of DNA, the pyrimidines are cytosine (C) and thymine (T), but in the case of RNA, thymine is replaced by uracil (U). Thus, RNA does not contain thymine

Question 11. In the double-stranded region of RNA, the pairing pattern is

  1. A=T, C=G
  2. A=U, C=G
  3. A=G, C=T
  4. A=C, G=U

Answer: 2. A=U, C=G

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is RNA with two complementary strands. In it, adenine base pairs with uracil and guanine pairs with cytosine

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Question 12. Purine to pyrimidine ratio in RNA is not 1:1 because

  1. All the nitrogenous bases are not paired
  2. They are of three types
  3. DNA is absent
  4. DNA is in the extranuclear part

Answer: 1. All the nitrogenous bases are not paired

Chargaff’s rule does not hold good for RNA. RNA is single-stranded and nitrogenous bases are unpaired. Hence, the purine-to-pyrimidine ratio is not 1:1 always and thus, it does not follow Chargaff’s rule of base pairing.

Question 13. Chemically, DNA differs from RNA as

  1. Uracil is Present In DNA and Thymine In Rna Deoxyribose And Thymine is Present In
  2. Dna And Ribose And Uracil In Rna
  3. Ribose And Thymine In Dna And Deoxyribose And Uracil In Rna
  4. Deoxyribose In Dna And Ribose In Rna

Answer: 2. Ribose And Thymine In DNA and Deoxyribose And Uracil In Rna

RNA is very similar to DNA but differs in a few important structural details.

RNA is single-stranded, while DNA is double-stranded. Also, RNA nucleotides contain ribose sugars, while DNA contains deoxyribose sugar.

RNA predominantly contains uracil instead of thymine present in DNA

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Question 14. The two ends of an RNA molecule are identified as

  1. 5′ End and 3′ end
  2. N-terminal end and c-terminal end
  3. Reducing end and non-reducing end
  4. Head end and tail end

Answer: 1. 5′ End and 3′ end

The two ends of RNA are designated as 5′ end and 3′ end. The 5′ end has a free phosphate group whereas the 3′ end has a free hydroxyl group.

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Question 15. Consider the following statements.

  1. RNA is a polymer of ribonucleotides.
  2. Ribonucleotides in RNA are linked together by 5 5′− phosphodiester linkages.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement I is incorrect, but 3 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 1 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect

Statement 1 is correct, but II is incorrect. The incorrect statement can be corrected as Ribonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymer of purine and pyrimidine ribonucleotides linked together by 3′-5′ phosphodiester bridges analogous to those in DNA.

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Question 16. Name the RNA molecule which is used to carry genetic information copied from DNA.

  1. tRNA
  2. mRNA
  3. rRNA
  4. snRNA

Answer: 2. Messenger (m) RNA carry genetic information from DNA to protein molecules.

It carries the message to the ribosome.

Question 17. mRNA is a

  1. Linear molecule
  2. Circular molecule
  3. M-shaped molecule
  4. Both (2) and (3)

Answer: 1. Linear molecule

mRNA is a linear molecule composed of four types of smaller molecules called ribonucleotide bases, adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G) and uracil (U).

Each ribonucleotide base consists of a ribose sugar, a phosphate group and a nitrogenous base.

Question 18. mRNA forms about ………… of the total cellular RNA.

  1. 1-2%
  2. 10-11%
  3. 8-9%
  4. 3-5%

Answer: 4. 3-5%

mRNA accounts for only 3-5% of the total cellular RNA although the the actual amount depends on the cell type and its physiological state.

Question 19. Which of the following RNAs should be most abundant in animal cells?

  1. rRNA
  2. tRNA
  3. mRNA
  4. miRNA

Answer: 1. rRNA

rRNA is the most abundant type of RNA found in animal cells. It constitutes almost 80% of the total RNA of the cell. It should be most abundant because it is responsible for coding and producing all the proteins in cells

Question 20. rRNA is synthesised in

  1. Nucleus Odisha Jee 2006
  2. Nucleolus
  3. Cytoplasm
  4. Endoplasmic reticulum

Answer: 2. Nucleolus

Ribosomal RNA (rRNA) is a component of the ribosomes, the protein synthesis factories in the cell. Eukaryotic ribosomes contain four different rRNA molecules, i.e. 18S, 5.8S, 28S and 5S rRNA.

Three of the rRNA molecules are synthesised in the nucleolus and one is synthesised elsewhere.

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Question 21. Which of the following rRNAs acts as structural RNA as well as ribozyme in bacteria?

  1. 5 S rRNA
  2. 18 S rRNA
  3. 23 S rRNA
  4. 5.8 S rRNA

Answer: 3. 23 S rRNA

23S rRNA is a component of the larger subunit of the ribosome and it acts as peptidyl transferase (ribozyme)

Question 22. Which of the following RNA molecules convert information stored in the nucleic acid to protein?

  1. mRNA
  2. snRNA
  3. rRNA
  4. tRNA

Answer: 4. tRNA

Transfer RNA (tRNA) plays a key role in protein biosynthesis and is known as adapter tRNA

Question 23. mRNA, rRNA and tRNA are

  1. Genetic rna
  2. Non-genetic rna
  3. Both (1) and (2)
  4. Present in all viruses

Answer: 2. Non-genetic rna

Non-genetic RNA is an RNA molecule which does not act as a genetic material. There are three types of non-genetic RNA. They are mRNA, rRNA and tRNA.

These RNAs are produced on DNA templates by a process called transcription.

Question 24. The element absent in RNA is AMU 2005

  1. Nitrogen
  2. Sulphur
  3. Oxygen
  4. Hydrogen

Answer: 2. Sulphur

Components of nucleic acids are constructed from five elements, i.e. carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, and phosphorus. Sulphur is not found in RNA.

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Question 25. Some RNA viruses carry a gene for an enzyme that uses viral RNA as a template in the synthesis of DNA.

  1. This enzyme is Punjab PMET 1995
  2. RNA replicase
  3. Viral nuclease
  4. Rna polymerase
  5. Reverse transcriptase

Answer: 3. Rna polymerase

RNA Polymerase or Ribo nucleic Acid Polymerase (RNAP) is a multisubunit enzyme that catalyses the process of transcription where an RNA polymer is synthesised from a DNA template.

This RNA strand is called the primary transcript and it needs to be processed before it gets functional inside the cell.

Question 26. The linkage that joins two adjacent nucleotides in RNA is AMU 2004

  1. Phosphate ester
  2. Phosphodiester
  3. Phosphate anhydride
  4. N-glycoside

Answer: 2. Phosphodiester

A phosphodiester bond is a group of strong covalent bonds between the the phosphate group of the 5th carbon of one nucleotide and the hydroxyl group of the 3rd carbon of another nucleotide

Question 27. Ribozymes are

  1. RNA acting as enzymes
  2. DNA acting as enzymes
  3. DNA acting as molecular scissors
  4. RNA acting as molecular scissors

Answer: 1. RNA acting as enzymes

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RNA that function as enzymes are called ribozymes. For example, in splicing (removal of introns), protein synthesis (23S RNA), etc

Question 28. Which statement about RNA is true?

  1. It is a simple, straight or coiled, single-stranded molecule
  2. Components of RNA are ribose sugar, phosphate and N-bases.
  3. The Strand of RNA is a long chain of nucleotides joined by a phosphodiester bond.
  4. Base pairing between complementary bases occurs on the coiling or folding of RNA molecules.

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2 and 3 are correct
  2. 1, 2 and 4
  3. 1 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. Base pairing between complementary bases occur on the coiling or folding of RNA molecule.

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Question 29. The sequence of nucleotides AUGCUUCUC indicates that it is a segment of MHT CET 2014

  1. Sense strand of DNA
  2. Antisense strand of dna
  3. Rna
  4. Polypeptide chain

Answer: 3. Rna

Uracil is exclusively found in RNA. Thus, the given segment is RNA.

Question 30. Processes like metabolism, splicing and translation revolved around

  1. DNA
  2. RNA
  3. Protein
  4. Nucleus

Answer: 2. RNA

RNA was the first genetic material. There is now enough evidence to suggest that essential life processes such as metabolism, translation, and splicing were based on RNA.

It acts as a genetic material as well as a catalyst. There are some important biochemical reactions in living systems that are catalysed by RNA catalysts and not by protein enzymes.

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