NEET Biology Solid Waste, Agrochemicals and Radioactive Waste Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQs with answers for NEET Solid Wastes, Agrochemicals and Radioactive Wastes

Question 1. Undesirable changes affecting the productivity and quality of soil is called

  1. Soil Erosion
  2. Soil Conservation
  3. Soil Pollution
  4. Soil remediation

Answer: 3. Soil Pollution

Soil pollution is the alteration in soil caused by the removal or addition of substances which decreases its productivity and quality in terms of plant life, animal life, mineral content, water quality and textural changes.

Question 2. The soil pollutants that affect the food chain and food web by killing microorganisms and plants are

  1. Nitrogen Oxides
  2. Pathogens
  3. Chemical Fertilisers
  4. Pesticides

Answer: 4. Pesticides

“how many main components are there in integrated waste management “

The soil pollutants that affect the food chain and food web by killing microorganisms and plants are pesticides. In other hand, pesticides are synthetic toxic chemicals that definitely kill different types of pests and insects causing damage to agriculture, but it has many ecological repercussions.

Read And Learn More: NEET Biology Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 3. Positive pollution of soil is due to

  1. Excessive Use Of Fertilisers
  2. Reduction In Soil Productivity
  3. Addition of wastes on soil
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Excessive Use Of Fertilisers

Soil pollution is of two main types, negative and positive. Negative soil pollution includes overuse of soil and soil erosion. Positive pollution is a pollution caused by pesticides, herbicides and fumigants chemical fertilisers

So, positive pollution of soils is due to excessive use of fertilisers.

Question 4. Organic farming involves breeding of crops by restricting the use of

  1. Manure
  2. Biofertilisers
  3. Resistant Varieties
  4. Chemical fertilisers

Answer: 4. Chemical fertilisers

Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, resistant varieties and biological pest control. Organic farming restricts the use of chemical fertilisers.

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NEET Biology Solid Waste, Agrochemicals and Radioactive Waste Multiple Choice Question And Answers

 

“process of burning of non biodegradable solid waste is called “

 

Question 5. Ramesh Chandra Dagar, a farmer in Sonipat, Haryana has adopted

  1. Alternate Organic Farming
  2. Integrated Organic Farming
  3. Chemical Farming
  4. Modern farming

Answer: 2. Integrated Organic Farming

Integrated organic farming adopted by Ramesh Chandra Dagar includes bee-keeping, dairy management, water harvesting, composting and agriculture.All these processes support each other and is an ideal, economical, extremely useful and sustainable process.

Question 6. Consider the following statements.

  1. This process involves using the waste products of one process as nutrients for another process.
  2. Zero waste is obtained as a result of this technique.
  3. It involves utilisation of resources to the maximum and thus increases the efficiency of production.

Identify the type of farming discussed above.

  1. Natural farming
  2. Organic farming
  3. Chemical farming
  4. Artificial farming

Answer: 4. Artificial farming

Statements given in question.

Organic farming is a form of agriculture that relies on techniques such as crop rotation, green manure, compost, resistant varieties and biological pest control. Organic farming restricts the use of chemical fertilisers.

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Question 7. Consider the following statements about Ramesh Chandra Dagar’s work in the field of organic farming.

  1. Ramesh Chandra Dagar’s work spreads across various branches of agriculture such as bee-keeping, dairy management, water harvesting, farming, etc.
  2. This process does not involve any external fertiliser. The manure obtained from animal husbandry is used for the crops.
  3. Field residues are composted and used as natural fertilisers.
  4. Gas generated through compost is used as fuel for various processes.

Choose the option containing correct statements.

  1. 1, 2 and 3
  2. 1, 3 and 4
  3. 2, 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1,2,3 and 4

“waste management questions “

All given statements are correct. Integrated organic farming is a cyclical, zero-waste procedure, where waste products from one process are cycled in as nutrients for other processes. This allows the maximum utilisation of resource and increases the efficiency of production. There is no need of chemical fertilisers for crops as cattle excreta (dung) are used as manure. Crop waste is used to create compost, which can be used as a natural fertiliser or can be used to generate natural gas for satisfying the energy needs of the farm.

Question 8. Discarded solid materials produced as a result of human activities.

  1. Solid wastes
  2. Industrial wastes
  3. Hospital wastes
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. Solid wastes

Solid wastes are discarded solid materials produced as a result of human activities such as industries, agriculture, wastewater treatment plants, etc., Solid wastes can be biodegradable, recyclable or non-biodegradable. Solid wastes can be of the following types

  • Municipal solid waste Wastes from homes, offices, schools, hospitals, etc.
  • Industrial wastes The wastes like scraps, flyash, etc., generated by industries.
  • Hospital wastes Hazardous wastes containing disinfectants and other harmful chemicals generated by hospitals.
  • Electronic wastes These are the damaged electronic goods and irreparable computers.

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Question 9. Solid wastes can be

  1. Biodegradable
  2. Non-Biodegradable
  3. Both 1 And 2
  4. Only chemical waste

Answer: 3. Both 1 And 2

Solid waste can be biodegradable, recyclable or non-biodegradable.

Thus, option 3 is correct.

Question 10. Which of the following are examples of industrial solid wastes?

  1. Scraps
  2. Flyash
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. Irreparable computers

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Scraps and fly ash both are examples of industrial solid wastes.

“in solid waste management waste utilization is achieved by “

Question 11. Anaerobic or aerobic digestion of solid waste by the action of microorganisms is called

  1. Dumping
  2. Composting
  3. Incineration
  4. Pyrolysis

Answer: 2. Composting

Compost is organic matter that has been decomposed in a process called composting. This process recycles various organic materials otherwise regarded as waste products and produces a soil conditioner. Compost is rich in nutrients. In aerobic composting, aerobic organisms utilise considerable amounts of oxygen in decomposing organic matter to a relatively stable humus under suitable environmental conditions. In anaerobic decomposition, oxygen does not have access.

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Question 12. Match the sources of solid waste in Column I with the type of solid waste in Column 2.

table

Answer: 3. A–1, B–2, C–3

Question 13. Landfilling means

  1. Separation Of Biodegradable Waste Material From Non-Biodegradable Waste
  2. Burning Of Solid Waste Aerobically
  3. Dumping Of Solid Waste Into A Trench And Covering It With Soil Everyday
  4. Anaerobic burning of solid waste

Answer: 3. Dumping Of Solid Waste Into A Trench And Covering It With Soil Everyday

Question 14. Incineration involves

  1. Dumping Of Solid Wastes
  2. Aerobic Burning Of The Combustible Constituents
  3. Anaerobic Burning Of Combustible Constituents
  4. Compaction of solid waste

Answer: 2. Aerobic Burning Of The Combustible Constituents

Incineration is a waste treatment process that involves the combustion of organic substances contained in waste materials. Incineration and other high-temperature waste treatment systems are described as ‘thermal treatment’. The incineration of waste materials converts the waste into ash fuel and gas, etc.

Question 15. Which of the methods given below are helpful in solid waste disposal?

  1. Open burning
  2. Sanitary landfills
  3. Rag pickers and scrap dealers
  4. Natural degradation
  5. Recycling
  6. Incineration

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1, 2, 3 and 4
  2. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5
  3. 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6
  4. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6

Answer: 4. 1,2,3,4,5 and 6

  • All given methods are helpful in solid waste disposal. Methods of solid waste disposal
  • Open-burning Municipal waste is reduced by burning in open dumps, but the leftover waste serves as the breeding ground for rats and flies.
  • Sanitary landfills Wastes are dumped in a depression or trench dug deep into the ground, after compaction it is covered with dirt.
  • Rag pickers and scrap dealers Wastes are collected and separated out into reusable or recyclable categories.
  • Natural breakdown The biodegradable materials are kept into deep pits in the ground for natural breakdown.
  • Recycling E-wastes can be recycled in specifically built facilities or manually to recover important metals.
  • Incineration Majority of e-wastes generated in developed world is exported to developing world here they are incinerated.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

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Question 16. Heavy metals are detoxified in plants by

  1. ABA
  2. Allelopathic
  3. Phytochelatins
  4. Phytoalexins

Answer: 3. Phytochelatins

Phytochelatins bind (chelate) with heavy metals like cadmium.

Question 17. Goods such as discarded computers, television sets, etc., that cannot be repaired or reused are known as

  1. Electronic Waste
  2. Radioactive Waste
  3. Electronic Industrial Waste
  4. Solid waste

Answer: 1. Electronic Waste

Goods such as discarded computers, television sets, etc., that cannot be repaired or reused are known as e-waste. They are buried in landfills or incinerated.

Question 18. Disposal of e-wastes are carried out in two ways, namely …A… and …B….

  1. A–landfilling, B–incineration
  2. A–open air dumping, B–recycling
  3. A–landfilling, B–ocean dumping
  4. A–open area, B–incinerated

Answer: 1. A–landfilling, B–incineration

Question 19. Polyblend is

  1. A Type Of Rubber
  2. A Type Of Cement
  3. A Fine Powder Of Recycled And Modified Plastic
  4. An Artificial fibre

Answer: 3. A Fine Powder Of Recycled And Modified Plastic

A fine powder of recycled modified plastic is called polyblend. Polyblend has been mixed with bitumen to lay roads in Bengaluru. Polyblend enhanced bitumen’s water repellent properties and helped to increase the life of road.

Question 20. Polyblend, a fine powder of recycled modified plastic, has proved to be a good material for

  1. Making Plastic Sacks Neet
  2. Use As A Fertiliser
  3. Construction Of Roads
  4. Making Tubes And Pipes

Answer: 1. Making Plastic Sacks Neet

A fine powder of recycled modified plastic is called polyblend. Polyblend has been mixed with bitumen to lay roads in Bengaluru. Polyblend enhanced bitumen’s water repellent properties and helped ton increase the life of road.

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Question 21. Who developed polyblend?

  1. Ahmed Khan
  2. Amrita Devi
  3. Verghese Kurien
  4. Salim Ali Khan

Answer: 1. Ahmed Khan

Ahmed Khan proved that blends of polyblend and bitumen, when used to lay roads enhanced the bitumen’s water repellant properties and helped to increase road life by a factor of three.

“maintenance in hazardous area should not be started without mcq “

Question 22. What role does polyblend play when it is combined with bitumen to lay roads?

  1. It improves bitumen’s water repelling property
  2. It increases the life of road
  3. Both 1 and 2
  4. It is a type of magnet which improve blood circulation when applied in human body part

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

A fine powder of recycled modified plastic is called polyblend. Polyblend has been mixed with bitumen to lay roads in Bengaluru. Polyblend enhanced bitumen’s water repellent properties and helped to increase the life of road.

Question 23. Consider the following statements about polyblend.

  1. In 1998, Ahmed Khan developed a polyblend which is a mixture of
    different recycled plastics.
  2. Polyblend mixed with bitumen has been used to lay roads in Bengaluru.
  3. Polyblend enhances bitumen’s water repellent properties and thus increasing the life of road.

Choose the option containing statements correct.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2 and 3

All given statements are correct.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 24. Excessive use of agrochemicals may lead to

  1. Contamination Of Groundwater
  2. Eutrophication
  3. Biomagnification
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Excessive use of agrochemicals may lead to contamination of groundwater, eutrophication, biomagnification, etc.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

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Question 25. The environmental pollutant that can cause birth defects is

  1. SO2
  2. CO
  3. Smog
  4. Radioactive element

Answer: 4. Radioactive element

Radioactive elements can cause birth defects as they can change the DNA of an individual.

Question 26. The ultimate environmental hazard to mankind is 

  1. Air Pollution
  2. Water Pollution
  3. Noise Pollution
  4. Nuclear pollution

Answer: 4. Nuclear pollution

Radioactive or nuclear pollution is a physical pollution of air, water or soil with radioactive materials. It is ultimate environmental hazard to mankind.

Question 27. Ionising radiations are more dangerous to

  1. Highly Specialised Cells
  2. Cells In Which Food Is Stored
  3. Mature Stable Cells
  4. Actively dividing cells

Answer: 4. Actively dividing cells

When radiation collides with molecules in living cells it can damage them. This can cause a mutation. If the DNA in the nucleus of a cell is damaged, the cell may become cancerous. In this case, the cell divides rapidly and causes serious health problems.

Question 28. Contamination of radioactive materials is dangerous because it causes

  1. Biological Magnification
  2. Gene Mutation
  3. Photochemical Smog
  4. Ozone destruction

Answer: 2. Gene Mutation

Radiations from nuclear wastes cause mutations at a very high rate. At high doses, nuclear radiations are lethal. At low doses radiations cause disorders and cancer. So, contamination of radioactive materials is dangerous because it causes gene mutation.

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Question 29. A major source of radioactive pollution is

  1. Nuclear Leakage
  2. Improper Disposal Of Radioactive Wastes
  3. Both 1 And 2
  4. Use of water as coolant

Answer: 3. Both 1 And 2

Nuclear energy was assumed to be a natural, non-polluting way of electricity generation till the incidents at Three Mile Island and Chernobyl. It is now considered as the most potent pollutant. Leakage of radioactive materials from thermal power plants and unsafe disposal of radioactive wastes are the main causes of radioactive pollution.

Thus, option 3 is correct.

Question 30. Nuclear power stations even with adequate radiation safety measures generate 

  1. Thermal Pollution Of Water Bodies
  2. Thermal Pollution Of Soil
  3. Noise pollution
  4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Thermal Pollution Of Water Bodies

Thermal pollution can occur when water is used as a coolant in nuclear power or industrial plant and then returned to the aquatic environment at a higher temperature than its original. Thermal pollution can lead to a decrease in the dissolved oxygen level in the water, thereby increasing the biological demand of aquatic organisms for oxygen. So, nuclear power station even with adequate radiation safety measures generates thermal pollution of water bodies .

Question 31.

  1. When radiation from a nuclear power plant cross permitted levels it can be …A… to life.
  2. Exposure to low levels can cause …B….

Complete the given statement by choosing the appropriate option for A and B.

  1. A–lethal, B–cancer
  2. A–cancer, B–mutation
  3. A–beneficial, B–Down’s syndrome
  4. A–helpful, B–cancer

Answer: 1. A–lethal, B–cancer

Radiations from nuclear wastes cause mutations at a very high rate. At high doses nuclear radiations are lethal (A). At low doses, radiations cause disorders and cancer (B).

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Question 32. The problem associated with nuclear power plants is

  1. Thermal Pollution
  2. Emission Of Hazardous Radionuclides
  3. Disposal of radioactive waste
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

A nuclear power plant is a thermal power station in which the heat source is nuclear reactor. The high temperature produces during a nuclear reaction cause thermal pollution thereby affecting the life forms. Radiations are continuously released by the radioactive waste produce by these power plants that affect mankind for generation makes it hazardous.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 33. Which of the following methods is the most suitable for disposal of nuclear waste?

  1. Shoot the waste into space
  2. Bury the waste under Antarctic ice-cover
  3. Dump the waste within rocks under deep ocean
  4. Bury the waste within rocks deep below the earth’s surface

Answer: 4. Bury the waste within rocks deep below the earth’s surface

Storage of nuclear waste should be done in suitably shielded containers and buried within rocks deep below the earth’s surface (500 m deep).

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Question 34. Nuclear waste must be handled carefully in order to prevent leakage affecting the environment and its components. How should disposal of nuclear waste be carried out?

  1. Nuclear waste should be pretreated
  2. It should be stored in shielded containers
  3. It should be buried deep within the earth
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Nuclear waste should be pretreated, stored in shielded containers and then buried deep within the earth.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 35. The effect of today’s radioactive fallout will probably be more harmful to children of future generations than to children now living because 

  1. Infants Are More Susceptible To Radiations
  2. Susceptibility To Radiation Increase With Age
  3. Mutated Genes Are Frequently Recessive
  4. Contamination of milk supply is not cumulative

Answer: 3. Mutated Genes Are Frequently Recessive

The effect of radioactive fall out will be more harmful to children of future generations than to present day children as because this will cause mutation in the genetic level which is generally recessive, but in the future generation will

Question 36. Radioactive waste management includes

  1. Reprocessing Of Nuclear Spent To Remove Radioactive Elements
  2. Solidification And Burying Of Low Level Radioactive Wastes In Water Proof Concrete Tile Pools
  3. Nitrification of high level radioactive waste in glass matrix and encapsulating in canisters
  4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

All given options include radioactive waste management.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

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Question 37. Consider the following statements about harmful effects of radioactive pollution.

  1. Exposure to high doses of radiation from improper disposal of nuclear wastes can cause mutation.
  2. Nuclear radiations are lethal above certain levels.
  3. Continuous exposure to radiation such as X-rays can cause disorders and cancer.

Choose the option containing the correct statements.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 1 and 3
  3. 2 and 3
  4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 4. 1,2, and 3

All given statements are correct about harmfull effects of rodioactive pollution. Radiations from nuclear wastes cause mutations at a very high rate. At high doses, nuclear radiations are lethal. Radiations such as gamma rays and X-rays can cause cancer and other health problems depending on the duration of the exposure, area of the body that is exposed to radiations, etc. At low doses, radiations cause disorders and cancer. Nuclear waste should be pre-treated and stored in shielded containers and then buried about 500 m deep within rocks.

Thus, option 4 is correct.

Question 38. Leukaemia is caused by

  1. Strontium-90
  2. Radon-222
  3. Cesium-137
  4. Iodine-131

Answer: 2. Radon-222

Radon-222 causes leukaemia. Other options are explained as Sr-90 causes bone cancer. Cesium-137 causes nervous, muscular and genetic damage. Iodine-131 damages WBC and causes skin cancer.

Question 39. Which one of the following occurs in radioactive fallout and behaves like calcium in the biogeochemical cycling of material in the ecosystem?

  1. Strontium-90
  2. Cobalt-60
  3. Caesium-137
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Strontium-90

The radioactive dust that falls to the earth after atomic explosion is called radioactive fallout. All nuclear explosions release 5% radioactive strontium-90 which causes pollution of air, water and soil. It replaces calcium in plants and animals. Sr-90 causes bone cancer and tissue degeneration in most animals and man.

Question 40. Man-made radioactive element Sr-90 accumulates in the body through

  1. Air
  2. Food Web
  3. Water
  4. Contaminated soil

Answer: 2. Food Web

The Sr-90 and Cs-137 become concentrated in human body, the last in food chain. Sr-90 reaches dairy products through vegetation and the use of it by cattle, then to man by consumption of contaminated food, meat, milk, dairy products. Hence, Sr-90 accumulates in the body through food web.

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Question 41. One of the most dangerous radioactive pollutants to Homo sapiens is

  1. Strontium-90
  2. Phosphorus-32
  3. Sulphur-35
  4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Strontium-90

Strontium- 90 is used in electron tubes to treat eye diseases and as a radiation source in industrial thickness gauges. Once in the body, Sr-90 acts like calcium and is readily incorporated into bones and teeth, where it can cause cancers of the bone, bone marrow and soft tissues around the bone.

Question 42. Which of the following damages WBC, bone-marrow and lymph nodes?

  1. I¹³¹
  2. Ca 40
  3. Caesium
  4. Sr90

Answer: 1. I¹³¹

I¹³¹ enters in human body through HO2 or food chain and damage WBC, can cause tumour formation, skin cancer and sterility.

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Question 43. Which of the following radioactive element is found in tobacco smoke?

  1. Iodine-131
  2. Polonium-210
  3. Caesium-137
  4. Strontium-90

Answer: 2. Polonium-210

Polonium-210 is present in small amounts in the human body, due to low levels in the normal environment and the food chain, especially in seafood. Tobacco smokers have more polonium-210 because smoking causes it to accumulate in the lungs.

Question 44. What similarity can be observed in the incidents that occurred in Chornobyl, Three Mile Island, the Love Canal and Bhopal?

  1. All were radioactive disasters
  2. Environmental problems caused by global warming
  3. Major earthquakes in the earth’s history occurred at these places
  4. All were technological disasters caused by solid wastes

Answer: 2. Environmental problems caused by global warming

They were all radioactive disasters.

Question 45. The Chornobyl tragedy occurred on 

  1. 26th May 1966
  2. 26th April 1986
  3. 6th Aug 1947
  4. 9th May 1945

Answer: 2. 26th April, 1986

On 26th April, 1986 at the Chernobyl power station a huge amount of radioactive cloud was released into the atmosphere in which many people were killed.

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