NEET Biology Translation Multiple Choice Question And Answers

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Biology MCQs with answers for NEET Translation

Question 1. Identify the process associated with the synthesis of enzymes and proteins.

  1. Translation
  2. Replication
  3. Transduction
  4. Transcription

Answer: 1. Translation

All enzymes are proteins and the synthesis of proteins from RNAs is called translation.

Question 2. The site of protein synthesis is the

  1. Chloroplast
  2. Ribosomes
  3. Pyrenoids
  4. Mitochondria

Answer: 2. Ribosomes

Protein synthesis occurs over ribosomes which are also called protein factories. Ribosomes may form groups of 5-20 called polyribosomes. The ribosomes of a polyribosome are held together by a strand of mRNA

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Question 3. Translation refers to the

  1. Formation of amino acid from RNA
  2. Formation of RNA from DNA
  3. Formation of DNA from DNA
  4. Both 2 and 3

Answer: 1. Formation of amino acid from RNA

Translation refers to the polymerization of amino acids to form a polypeptide from RNA.

“molecular basis of inheritance “

Question 4. The first phase of translation is

  1. Recognition of dna molecule
  2. Aminoacylation of tRNA
  3. Recognition of an anticodon
  4. Binding of mRNA to the ribosome

Answer: 4. Binding of mRNA to the ribosome

The first phase of translation is aminoacylation of tRNA, i.e. Activation of amino acids and the formation of aa-trna complex.

In the presence of an enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, the amino acid (aa) is activated, and then each amino acid is attached to the specific tRNA molecule at the 3′cca end to form the aminoacyl-trna complex. The reaction needs ATP.

This process is thus, called charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA.

Question 5. The type of RNA specifically responsible for directing the proper sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis is

  1. Ribosomal RNA
  2. Messenger RNA
  3. Chromosomal rna
  4. Viral RNA

Answer: 2. Messenger RNA

Messenger RNA (mRNA) brings coded or genetic information from the the nucleus or from dna to the cytoplasm and takes part in protein synthesis. They are responsible for directing the proper sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

NEET Biology Translation Multiple Choice Question And Answers

Question 6. Charging (aminoacylation) of tRNA involves the attachment of

  1. Amino acid to mRNA
  2. Amino acid to trna
  3. Amino acid to rRNA
  4. Acidic amino acid to the ribosome

Answer: 2. Amino acid to trna

The first phase of translation is aminoacylation of trna, i.e. Activation of amino acids and the formation of aa-trna complex.

In the presence of an enzyme aminoacyl trna synthetase, the amino acid (aa) is activated, and then each amino acid is attached to the specific trna molecule at 3′/cca end to form aminoacyl-trna complex. The reaction needs ATP.

This process is thus, called charging of trna or aminoacylation of trna.

“molecular biology mcq “

Question 7. 70S ribosome and 80s ribosome, respectively are found in

  1. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes
  2. Eukaryotes and prokaryotes
  3. Only prokaryotes
  4. Plants and animals

Answer: 1. Prokaryotes and eukaryotes

Messenger RNA (mRNA) brings coded or genetic information from the nucleus or from DNA to the cytoplasm and takes part in protein synthesis. They are responsible for directing the proper sequence of amino acids in protein synthesis

Question 8. Aminoacyl synthetase is responsible for

  1. Formation of peptide bond
  2. Binding of mRNA to ribosomes
  3. Attaching an amino group to an amino acid
  4. Joining of amino acid to trna

Answer: 4. Joining of amino acid to trna

The first phase of translation is aminoacylation of tRNA, i.e. activation of amino acids and the formation of AA-tRNA complex.

In the presence of an enzyme aminoacyl tRNA synthetase, the amino acid (AA) is activated, and then each amino acid is attached to the specific tRNA molecule at the 3′/CCA end to form the aminoacyl-tRNA complex. The reaction needs ATP. This process is thus, called charging of tRNA or aminoacylation of tRNA.

Biology MCQs with answers for NEET

Question 9. 80S ribosome is formed of subunits

  1. 30S and 50s
  2. 40S and 40s
  3. 20S and 60s
  4. 40S and 60s

Answer: 4. 40S and 60s

A eukaryotic ribosome has a large subunit that sediments at 60S and a small subunit that sediments at 40S. The whole structure sediments at 80S and not 100S. In the same way, the prokaryotic ribosome has two subunits.

The large subunit sediments at 50S and the small subunit sediments at 30S, but the two together (that is, the whole ribosome) sediments at 70S, not 80S.

“rna polymerase diagram “

Question 10. A ribosome that acts as a catalyst or ribozyme is

  1. 40S rRNA
  2. 50S rRNA
  3. 70S rRNA
  4. 23S rRNA

Answer: 4. 23S rRNA

The 23S rRNA is 2904 base pair long and it is a component of bacterial ribosome.

Ribosomal peptidyl transferase activity resides in 23S rRNA for peptide bond formation between two amino acids during
translation.

Some naturally occurring ribozymes include Peptidyl transferase 23S rRNA RNase Group 1 and Group 2 introns

Question 11. Polysomes are

  1. Cell organelles in prokaryotes
  2. Cell organelles in eukaryotes
  3. Chain of nucleosomes
  4. Ribosomes attached to mRNA

Answer: 4. Ribosomes attached to mRNA

A polyribosome (polysome or orgasm) is a complex of a mRNA molecule and two or more ribosomes that help to translate mRNA instructions into polypeptides. So, polysomes are ribosomes attached to mRNA.

Question 12. Consider the following statements.

Polyribosomes are formed during active protein synthesis.
Different ribosomes of polyribosomes are connected with trna.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect

The incorrect statement can be corrected as The different ribosomes of a polyribosome are connected with a 10-20 Å thick strand of messenger or mRNA and its maintenance requires energy.

Polyribosomes are formed during periods of active protein synthesis when a number of copies of the same polypeptide are required.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 13. Aminoacylation often is essential for

  1. Replication of RNA
  2. Formation of peptide bond
  3. Splicing
  4. Initiation of transcription
  5. Termination

Answer: 2. Formation of peptide bond

Charging or aminoacylation of tRNA is essential for protein synthesis, i.e. Polypeptide formation through the formation of peptide bonds between amino acids.

“which one of the following is not applicable to rna “

Question 14. Proteins are formed by

  1. Peptide link
  2. Glycosidic link
  3. Phosphate link
  4. Phosphodiamine linkage

Answer: 1. Peptide link

Proteins are formed by the joining of amino acids through a peptide bond

Question 15. Which enzyme takes part in peptide bond formation?

  1. Protease
  2. Peptidase
  3. Nitrogenase
  4. Peptidyl transferase

Answer: 4. Peptidyl transferase

Peptidyl transferase is an enzyme whose activity is carried out by ribosomes. It forms peptide bonds between adjacent amino acids using tRNAs during the translation process of protein biosynthesis.

Question 16. During the translation process, the incoming trna complexes other than aa 1 -trna get first attached to

  1. A-site
  2. P-site
  3. E-site
  4. Q-site

Answer: 1. A-site

During the translation process, the incoming tRNA complexes other than AA 1 -tRNA get first attached to the A-site. A-site is the aminoacyl site, also called the acceptor site. In this site, new amino acids are formed.

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 17. During translation, the p-site on the ribosome receives directly

  1. Amino acids
  2. Aa 1-trna
  3. Mrna with codon
  4. Mrna with anticodon

Answer: 2. Aa 1-trna

P-site is the peptidyl transfer or donor site, which holds the growing amino acids chain and makes the peptide bond between two amino acids. Activated tRNA, i.e.

AA 1 -tRNA occupies the P-site. Thus, the P-site on the ribosome receives directly AA1 -tRNA during translation.

Question 18. Amino acids are activated by

  1. Adp
  2. Amp
  3. Atp
  4. Special proteins

Answer: 3. Atp

Amino acids are activated by ATP. They become activated by binding with aminoacyl tRNA synthetase enzyme in the presence of ATP.

Question 19. During translation initiation in prokaryotes, a gtp molecule is needed in

  1. Association of 50s subunit of the ribosome with the initiation complex
  2. Formation of formyl-met-trna
  3. Binding of 30s subunit of the ribosome with mRNA
  4. Association of 30 s mRNA with formyl- met-trna

Answer: 4. Association of 30 s mRNA with formyl- met-trna

For the formation of an initiation complex during the translation of mRNA, GTP is also required. The initiation codon, AUG codes for the formylmethionine in prokaryotes.

The initiation of a polypeptide chain in prokaryotes is always brought about by the amino acid methionine, but it has to be formyl methionine (met). This methionine binds with tRNA-met to form feet-tRNA-met.

“class 12th biology molecular basis of inheritance “

This met-tRNA-feet complex binds with the mRNA-30S subunit complex using initiation factors IF 2 IF1 and GTP.

Question 20. Non-proteinaceous enzyme that acts as a catalyst for the formation of peptide bond

  1. Spliceosome
  2. Ribozyme
  3. Rna poly-1
  4. Rna poly-3

Answer: 2. Ribozyme

Formation of the peptide bond that links each amino acid is catalyzed by the 23S RNA (ribozyme) molecule in the large subunit of the ribosome

Question 21. The ion required to keep the two ribosomal units together during protein synthesis is

  1. K+
  2. Mg2+
  3. Cl
  4. All of these

Answer: 2. Mg2+

The two subunits of ribosomes come together only at the time of protein formation. The phenomenon is called association. Mg 2+ is essential for it

Question 22. Consider the following statements.

  • Anticodon binds with codons by hydrogen bonds.
  • During translation, ribosomes move over mRNA so that all codons on mRNA are exposed.

Choose the correct option.

  1. Statement 1 is correct, but 2 is incorrect
  2. Statement 1 is incorrect, but 2 is correct
  3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct
  4. Both statements 1 and 2 are incorrect

Answer: 3. Both statements 1 and 2 are correct

Biology MCQ For NEET With Answers

Question 23. Termination of protein synthesis occurs

  1. At stop signal
  2. Tata box
  3. Due to the release factor
  4. At the appearance of GUG and Aug codons

Choose the option containing the correct combination.

  1. 1 and 3
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 1. 1 and 3

1 and 3 represent the correct combination for termination. Stop signals are the non-sense codons on mRNA and releasing factor
recognize the stop signals. There are three non-sense codons, i.e. UAA, UAG, and UGA.

These codons are not recognized by any of the tRNAs. There are two prokaryotic release factors, RF 1 -specific for UAG and UAA and
RF 2-specific for UAA and UGA. In eukaryotes, there is only one release factor eRF.

Question 24. Given below are sets of components and their types in prokaryotes and eukaryotes. Identify the incorrect set. Component > prokaryotes > eukaryotes

  1. Initiation factor > if1 and if2 > if3
  2. Termination or release factor > rf1 and rf 2 > erf1
  3. Type of cistron > polycistronic > monocistronic
  4. First amino acid > formylated methionine > methionine

Answer: 1. Identify the incorrect set. Component > prokaryotes > eukaryotes

“which of the following is an initiation codon “

Option (a) shows incorrect matching and can be corrected as Prokaryotic initiation factors are IF-1, IF-2, and IF-3.

In contrast in eukaryotes, these are elF1, elF 2a,− elF c, elF 3, elF 4a,− elF 4 f, elF 5, and elF 6 Rest other options are the correct matching of prokaryotes and eukaryotes translation

Question 25. Which of the following set of options is used in translation?

  1. RNA, tRNA, rRNA
  2. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
  3. mRNA, tRNA, RNA
  4. hNRNA, rRNA, tRNA

Answer: 2. mRNA, tRNA, rRNA

Post-transcriptional processing converts hnRNA into functional mRNA which then participates in translation (protein synthesis). mRNA, tRNA, and rRNA are the functional RNAs that take part in translation. hnRNA (heterogeneous nuclear RNA) does not function until it undergoes processing.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 26. Where is the untranslated region present on mRNA?

  1. 5′ End
  2. 3′ End
  3. Before start codon
  4. After stop codon

Choose the correct option.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 2 and 3
  3. 3 and 4
  4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Answer: 4. 1, 2, 3 and 4

Untranslated regions of mRNA are present on the 5′ and 3′ ends. These sequences do not participate in the translation process.

At the 5′ site, they (untranslated region) are present before the start codon and at the 3′ site, they are present after the termination codon. These regions are very important for efficient translation.

Question 27. Given below are different release factors and their functions.

  1. Rf-1 – recognize stop codons uaa and ag
  2. Rf-2 – recognize stop codons uaa and uga
  3. Rf-3 – gtp binding protein that binds rf-1 and rf-2 to ribosomes
  4. Erf-1 – recognize all 3 termination codons.

Choose the option containing incorrectly matched pairs.

  1. 1 and 2
  2. 3 and 4
  3. 2 and 3
  4. None of them

Answer: 2. Rf-2 – recognize stop codons uaa and uga

Question 28. What would happen if, in a gene encoding a polypeptide of 50 amino acids, the 25th codon (uu) is mutated to use?

  1. A polypeptide of 25 amino acids will be formed
  2. A polypeptide of 24 amino acids will be formed
  3. Two polypeptides of 24 and 25 amino acids will be formed
  4. A polypeptide of 49 amino acids will be formed

Answer: 2. A polypeptide of 24 amino acids will be formed

UAA is the stop codon. So, at 25th amino acid, the synthesis of polypeptide would stop. Thus, a polypeptide of 24 amino acids will be
formed after mutation.

UAA does not code for any amino acid. If UAU is mutated to UAA, then the polypeptide chain will be terminated at that point because tRNA cannot bring the next amino acid.

Question 29. Which of the following characteristics are required for protein synthesis?

  1. Dna to provide the base sequence.
  2. 20 Types of amino acids.
  3. Genetic type of RNA.
  4. Non-genetic types of RNA such as mRNA, rRNA, and trna.
  5. Atp/gtp as a source of energy.

Choose the correct option 

  1. 1, 2, and 3 are required
  2. 1, 2, 4, and 5 are required
  3. 3 and 5 are required
  4. 1 and 5 are required

Answer: 2. 1, 2, 4, and 5 are required

All given characters are required for protein synthesis except III. The incorrect character can be corrected as Genetic RNAs do not play any role in protein synthesis.

NEET Biology Mcq

Question 30. Choose the incorrect statement in the process of protein synthesis.

  1. After uncoiling of the dna molecule, one strand acts as a template for the formation of mRNA
  2. In the presence of dna polymerase enzyme, the mRNA is formed based on the triplet codes
  3. The mRNA that leaves the nucleus reaches the cytoplasm and gets attached to the 30s ribosomal subunit
  4. The amino acids are transferred from the intracellular amino acid pool to the active ribosomes by the trna
  5. The translation is the process in which proteins are synthesized from the RNA

Answer: 2. In the presence of dna polymerase enzyme, the mRNA is formed based on the triplet codes

The statement in option 2 is incorrect and can be corrected during protein synthesis, Polypeptides are formed based on
triplet codons on mRNA.

In the presence of RNA polymerase, mRNA is formed during transcription. Rest statements are correct regarding the process of protein synthesis

Question 31. Choose the correct options for a, b, c, and d.

NEET Biology Translation MCQs Question 31

A–uncharged trna, b–charged trna, c–3′ end, d–5′ end
A–charged trna, b–uncharged trna, c–3′ end, d–5′ end
A–charged trna, b–uncharged trna, c–5′ end, d–3′ end
A–charged trna, b–charged trna, c–5′ end, d–3′ end
Answer: 1. A–Uncharged tRNA, B–Charged tRNA, C–3′ end, D–5′ end

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