WBBSE Solutions For Class 10 Geography And Environment Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map

Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map True Or False Type:

Question 1. For the analysis of satellite imagery, the use of a computer is mandatory.
Answer: True

Question 2. Red coloured lines are used to show roads in satellite images.
Answer: False

Question 3. ‘Platform’ is the place in space where the satellites are installed.
Answer: True

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Question 4. Different symbols are used to show geographical features in satellite images.
Answer: False

Question 5. The polar-orbiting satellites orbit at 800-900 km elevation.
Answer: True

Question 6. The topographical maps show large areas in greater detail.
Answer: False

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Question 7. The scale of satellite imagery is predetermined.
Answer: False

Question 8. Topographical maps can be read in poor light conditions.
Answer: False

Question 9. Relative relief is readily found in satellite images.
Answer: False

Question 10. Satellite images can be prepared in a short time.
Answer: True

Class 10 Geography WBBSE Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map Fill In The Blanks Type:

Question 1. Indian Space Research Centre is situated at ______.
Answer: Bengaluru.

Question 2. The scale of the satellite image is true only at the ______ point.
Answer: Principal.

Question 3. Topographical maps do not show ______ information.
Answer: Up to date.

Question 4. The full form of R.F. is ______.
Answer: Representative, Fraction.

Class 10 Geography WBBSE Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map Very Short Answer Type:

Question 1. In what form the satellite imagery is produced?
Answer: FCC/digital data.

Question 2. Which colour is used for showing perennial rivers in topographical maps?
Answer: Blue.

Question 3. In which type of map, relief is shown by contour lines?
Answer: Topographical sheet.

Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board

Question 4. In what form are the satellite images produced?
Answer: Digital Number.

Question 5. What are used to generate satellite images?
Answer: Digital camera with charged coupled devices.

Question 6. Where is the scale found in a topographical map?
Answer: At the bottom centre of the map.

Question 7. What is the other name of the statement of scale?
Answer: Verbal scale.

Question 8. Who is responsible to prepare topographical maps?
Answer: Survey of India.

Class 10 Geography West Bengal Board

Question 9. Who prepares satellite images in India?
Answer: Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO).

Question 10. Where is the head office of Survey of India located?
Answer: Dehradun, Uttaranchal.

Question 11. What is the other name of topographical maps?
Answer: Contour maps.

Question 12. When was the Survey of India Department established?
Answer: In 1767.

Question 13. Where is the headquarters of Survey of India Department?
Answer: At Dehradun.

Class 10 Geography West Bengal Board Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map 2 Marks Questions And Answers:

Question 1. State the definition of satellite imagery.
Answer:
Satellite imagery: The images prepared by information sent by the satellites are called satellite imagery. These are prepared by reading and representing the signals sent by the satellites with the help of high technological know-how.

Question 2. State the use of Representative Fraction (R.F.).
Answer: Commonly known as R.F., this scale is represented as a ratio between ground and map distances. E.g-1:50,000, meaning 1cm on the map represents 50,000 cm on the ground.

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Question 3. Define topographical map.
Answer:
Topographical map: The map that represents the physical as well as cultural features of a place at a time with the help of certain colours and conventional symbols, is called a topographical map.

Question 4. What are the Geostationary satellites?
Answer:
Geo-stationary Satellite: Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellites (GOES) remain above a fixed location on the earth’s surface, approximately 22,500 km above the equator. They rotate at the same speed as the earth and so they always view the same portion of the globe.

Question 5. What is “Remote sensing”?
Answer: Remote sensing is the method of gathering information about any region or object on the earth’s surface or the surface of other planets from a considerable distance, without coming in physical contact. This information helps in analysing the region or the object.

Question 6. What is the importance of a topographical map?
Answer: It gives detailed information on the concerned area.

Question 7. What is the scale of a one-degree map?
Answer: It is 1/4 inch :1 mile or 1″: 4 miles or1: 2,50,000.

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Question 8. Which series has been prepared according to directions?
Answer: The series having a scale of 1/2 :1 mile or 1″: 2 miles and having a latitudinal and longitudinal extent of 1/2 or 30′ is prepared according to direction. The latest series of 1 : 25,000 scale having 7 1/2 latitudinal and longitudinal extent is also prepared according to directions

Question 9. Why are satellite images powerful tools of meteorologists?
Answer: Satellite images are powerful and important tools used by meteorologists to forecast the behaviour of the atmosphere. They give a clear, concise and accurate representation of atmospheric events.

Question 10. What do you mean by the sensor?
Answer:
Sensor: A sensor is a specialized camera that is installed in a satellite in order to take photographs of the earth.

Question 11. What is a linear scale?
Answer: This is just a line drawn on a map of known ground length. It represents the same relationship by means of a straight line which is divided into certain lengths, each of which represents a certain distance on the ground. It has usually a primary division and a second division. This scale allows quick visual estimation of distance. This scale will remain valid if it is enlarged or reduced by the same amount.

Question 12. Mention the different names of toposheets prepared according to scale.
Answer:
1. Million Sheet,
2. Degree Sheet,
3. 1/2″ sheet,
4. 1″ sheet.

Question 13. What is a polar-orbiting satellite?
Answer: The polar orbiting satellites orbit at 800-900 km elevation and observe a new path on each orbit.

Question 14. Name two imaging satellites.
Answer: Geo-eye, Digital Globe.

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School Geography Class 10 WBBSE Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map 3 Marks Questions And Answers:

Question 1. Give an account of different types of scales in tabular form as used in “topographical maps”.
Answer:

Topographical sheet	Scale (R.F.)	Latitudinal and longitudinal extent	Map No.	Example
Million sheet	1:10,00,000	4°x4°	40 to 90	73
Degree sheet	1:2,50,000	l°xl°	A to P	73 M
Half-degree sheet »	1:50,000	3°x3°	NE, NW,	73 M/E
Fifty thousand	1:50,000	15°x15°	1 to 16	73 M/16
sheet or 15-minute sheet
Special sheet	1:25,000	5°x7°30°	1 to 6	73 M/16/4

Question 2. Distinguish between Geostationary and Sun-Synchronous satellites.
Answer: Distinguish between Geostationary and Sun-Synchronous satellites:

Geostationary Satellites	Sun-Synchronous Satellites
1. The artificial satellites that orbit the earth from west to east in circular orbits at the same time as that of the earth’s rotation (24 hours), are called geostationary satellites.	1. The Sun-synchronous satellites are those which are installed on a geocentric orbit that combines altitude and inclination in such a way, that the satellite passes over any given point of the planet surface at the same local any given point of the planet’s surface at the same local solar time.
2. They are installed at a height of 36,000 km. approximately, above the equator.	2. They are installed at 700-800 km. above the land surface and orbit the earth in circular or elliptical paths from the north pole to south-polar regions.
3. e.g., GOES-E, GOES-W, etc.	3. e.g., IRS, LANDSAT, etc

Question 3. Briefly discuss three main characteristic features of satellite imagery.
Answer:
Characteristics of satellite Images:
The characteristics of satellite images are as follows:
1. These are produced in digital form.
2. Satellite images are generated from line scanners and digital cameras.
3. a Basic element of these images is a pixel.
4. They possess row and column structures.
5. Scan lines may be observed.
6. Zero is a value that does not indicate the absence of data.
7. Images can be generated for any part of the Electro-Magnetic (EM) spectrum.
8. Every point on the image has a certain digital number.
9. Colour of the image can be changed during processing.

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Question 4. Mention the merits and demerits of remote sensing.
Answer:
Merits of satellite imageries:
1. The imageries can give a synoptic view of the earth in 23 cm x 23 cm maps. Also, some imageries may represent an area as large as 30,000sq. km in one map.
2. Information of resources and physical processes working in rugged and difficult terrains can be gathered easily. Information regarding oceans are also available.
3. Clear images of the earth can be taken even if there is heavy cloud cover.
4. The information gathered is digital in nature, hence they can be analysed easily with precision with the help of computers, 5. Weather forecasts and regular updates regarding physical processes can be gathered.

Demerits of satellite imageries:
1. Images cannot be taken in cloud cover without the help of microwave sensors.
2. Critical survey of minute areas is not possible.
3. The actual height or size of any object cannot be determined accurately.
4. Similar objects lying adjacent to each other are difficult to assess and explain.
5. The whole process of acquiring imageries is very expensive.

Question 5. What are the differences between Topographical Map and Satellite Imagery?
Answer:

satellite imageries and topographical maps
Question 6. Discuss three major uses of satellite imagery.
Answer: Uses of satellite imageries:
1. The satellite imageries may be of the total hemisphere or a segment of the earth’s surface.
2. Information on relief, and physical processes, such as works of rivers, wind, glaciers, etc., distribution or resources, groundwater resources, etc. can be gathered easily by studying satellite imageries.
3. Imageries of rugged terrains, such as mountainous regions can be captured easily.

Question 7. Write a note on topographical maps.
Answer:
Topographical Maps: Topographical map shows the surface features of the Earth in detail (as much as the scale permits). The term topography is derived from the Greek word ‘topos’ meaning ‘a place’ and ‘grapho’ meaning ‘draw’ or ‘depict’. Topographical maps show natural and man-made features on the map as it exists during the time of the survey. These maps show small areas in greater detail. The maps are usually large-scale maps, varying from 1: 2.50,000 to 1: 25,000. Natural features like relief, drainage, water bodies, natural vegetation, etc. and man-made features like villages, huts, railway stations, roads, post offices, temples, etc. are shown on the map with the help of conventional signs and symbols. It contains all information about the physical and regional features of an area and hence forms an important tool for a geographer.

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Question 8. What are the segments in the preparation for satellite imagery?
Answer: There are three segments or phases in preparing satellite imagery. They are:
1. Space segment: Sending of the satellite to space and setting it to orbit.
2. Sensor segment: The sensor or the camera senses the object or region whose photograph needs to be taken.
3. Ground segment: The satellite sends the sensed information and the photograph of the object or region observed. Imageries are produced by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in India.

Question 9. State a few characteristics of a topographical map.
Answer:
Characteristics of Topographical Map:
1. The topo sheets are prepared to precise scales. Hence location or size of objects can be represented accurately.
2. Relief and landforms can be represented by spot heights accurately.
3. The accurate representation of drainage lines helps to understand the drainage pattern and nature of drainage.
4. Representation of settlements, transport system, etc. helps to understand the economic condition of the region.

Question 10. Write the importance of topographical maps.
Answer:
Importance of Topographical Maps: Topographical maps are a very important part of the study of Geography. Topo sheets give a pictographic representation of the original region with the help of various signs and symbols. It helps to understand the correlation between physical and cultural features present in an area. It helps to understand the problems and prospects of the regions, and hence helps in planning accordingly for the development of the place. Most importantly, as the maps are prepared after critically surveying the regions, all sorts of details are found in the maps.

Geography Class 10 Solutions WBBSE Chapter 6 Satellite Imaginary And Topographical Map 5 Marks Questions And Answers:

Question 1. Discuss the steps of acquiring satellite imageries.
Answer:
Step 1. Collection of ground samples: To extract useful information from satellite imagery, some information needs to be collected from the ground itself. This is commonly known as ‘ground samples’, ‘reference data’ or ‘field data’. This is needed to verify what exactly the satellite sensors are detecting. They should be taken close in time when the satellite sensor passes over the desired spot.
Step 2. Image acquisition: Currently there are several satellites in orbit with sensors capturing images of the earth. The desired sensor is chosen to capture images as per requirement. The image covers the area on the ground that the satellite sensor records.
Step 3. Processing of satellite imagery: Once the imagery is acquired, analysts typically go through a series of steps to prepare the imagery for analysis. Depending on its use and quality, sometimes satellite imageries need to be pre-processed, which means that cloud, haze and sun effects must be digitally removed. When mapping water features, all non-water areas like agricultural land, urban land and forests are masked out of the images to represent the water clearly.
Step 4. Creation of map: Once the mathematical relationship between the satellite data and the field data has been developed, it is applied to all pixels in the imagery to create a map. Once the pixels are classified into discrete classes like clarity level or vegetation type, these can be put into the Geographical Information System (GIS).

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Question 2. What are the differences between Satellite imageries and topographical maps?
Answer: Difference between satellite imageries and topographical maps:

satellite imageries and topographical maps
Question 3. Discuss the uses of different types of scales on topographical maps.
Answer: Map scale represents the relationship between the distance of any two points on the map and the actual distance between the same two points on the ground. It can be expressed as map distance between two points Scale – the ground distance between the same two points
The scale of the topographical map is found at the bottom centre of the map. There are three ways in which the scale of a map is expressed :
1. Statement scale.
2. Representative fractions and
3. Linear scale.

1. Statement scale: The statement scale or verbal scale states what distance on the map is equal to what distance on the ground, (for example, 2 cm -1 km). These scales are not usually printed on the topographical map.

2. Representative fraction: Representative fraction (R.F.) or fractional scale (for example 1: 50,000). Fractional scales do not have units. This scale is the ratio of the map distance to the equivalent distance on the ground using the same unit for both. There is flexibility to choose units.

So, we can write, 1 cm on the map = 50,000 cm on the ground or, 1 m on the map = 50,000 m on the ground, and so on.
We can convert the R.F. into a verbal scale.
Example: Convert 1: 50,000 into a statement of scale 1 cm on the map represents 50,000 cm on the ground or, 1cm: 50,000 cm.
or, 1cm: 50,000/100,000 km or, 1 cm : 1/2 km or, 1 cm : 0.5 km.

3. Linear scale: This is just a line drawn on a map of known ground length. It represents the same relationship by means of a straight line which is divided into certain lengths, each of which represents a certain distance on the ground. It has usually a primary division and a second division. This scale allows quick visual estimation of distance. This scale will remain valid if it is enlarged or reduced by the same amount.

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Question 4. Write the characteristics of satellite images.
Answer:
Characteristics of satellite Images: The characteristics of satellite images are as follows:
1. These are produced in digital form.
2. Satellite images are generated from line scanners and digital cameras.
3. a Basic element of these images is a pixel.
4. They possess row and column structures.
5. Scan lines may be observed.
6. Zero is a value that does not indicate the absence of data.
7. Images can be generated for any part of the Electro-Magnetic (EM) spectrum.
8. Every point on the image has a certain digital number.
9. Colour of the image can be changed during processing.
10. Tone (relative brightness) is the most important element in image interpretation and analysis.
11. Size, shape (form or structure), texture (frequency of tonal variation), pattern (arrangement of visible features), height, shadow (relative height of a feature) site, an association of features, etc. are other important characteristics of a satellite image that help to interpret and analyse the image.

Question 5. What do you mean by satellite imagery? State its major types.
Answer:
Satellite imagery: It consists of images of the Earth or other planets collected by satellites. These images are used in various purposes like cartography, military intelligence or meteorology. It is a pictorial representation measuring the electromagnetic energy recorded by a sensor. Satellite images are powerful and important tools used by meteorologists to forecast the behaviour of the atmosphere. They give a clear, concise and accurate representation of atmospheric events. There are many different types of satellite images that can be taken with one satellite located out in space.

There are three main types of satellite images:
1. Visible imagery: The pictures can only be viewed during the day when clouds reflect the light of the sun. In these images the clouds show up as white, the ground is grey and the water is dark. They can predict developing thunderstorms even before they are detected by radar.
2. Infrared imagery: They are pictures of clouds or the earth’s surface identified by satellite sensors that measure the heat radiating from them. These images can be taken at any time of the day.
3. Water vapour imagery: They indicate the amount of water vapour present in the upper atmosphere. The highest humidities are the whitest areas and dry areas are dark.

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Question 6. Write an account of the uses and importance of satellite images.
Answer: Satellite images have many applications in meteorology, oceanography, fishing, agriculture, forestry, biodiversity conservation, landscape, geography, cartography, regional planning, education, military intelligence and warfare. A summary of the uses of satellite images is given below:

field uses
Satellite images are essentially the eyes in the sky. They are the storehouses of information used in several branches of science like meteorology, geology, pedology, hydrology, oceanography, zoology, botany, environmental sciences, etc. They are important and useful for cartography, pedology, oceanography, etc. as they can be acquired periodically and in a systematic manner. But they have special importance in Geography which encompasses almost all other sciences. It has now become an indispensable tool for the study of geography.

Question 7. State the merits and demerits of satellite imagery.
Answer:
Merits of satellite imageries:
1. The imageries can give a synoptic view of the earth in 23 cm x 23 cm maps. Also, some imageries may represent an area as large as 30,000sq. km in one map.
2. Information of resources and physical processes working in rugged and difficult terrains can be gathered easily. Information regarding oceans is also available.
3. Clear images of the earth can be taken even if there is heavy cloud cover.
4. The information gathered is digital in nature, hence they can be analysed easily with precision with the help of computers, 5. Weather forecasts and regular updates regarding physical processes can be gathered.