Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board India – Population Of India True Or False Type:
Question 1. The most densely populated state of India is West Bengal.
Answer: False
Question 2. Growth of population is the change in the number of people of a particular area between two given points of time.
Answer: False
Question 3. The child mortality rate in 2011 was 12.2%.
Answer: True
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Question 4. West Bengal has the highest population among the states of India.
Answer: False
Question 5. The birth rate has gone down in comparison to the death rate in India during recent decades.
Answer: False
Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board
Question 6. Migration is a cause of the high population in India.
Answer: True
Question 7. India ranks first in population in the world.
Answer: False
Question 8. Uttar Pradesh has the largest population in India.
Answer: True
Question 9. Arunachal Pradesh has the least population in India.
Answer: False
Question 10. The density of the population in Chandigarh is 7909 per sq. km.
Answer: True
Question 11. The total population of Sikkim is 5,40,493.
Answer: True
Question 12. West Bengal has an 8,02,21,171 population.
Answer: True
Question 13. Uttar Pradesh has a 16,06,52,859 population.
Answer: True
Question 14. The density of the population in West Bengal is 904.
Answer: True
Question 15. Maharashtra has the 2nd highest population in India.
Answer: True
Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board
Question 16. The Ganga-Brahmaputra plain has a high population.
Answer: True
Question 17. Malabar coast in Kerala has a scanty population.
Answer: False
Question 18. The highest population is found in U.P. in India.
Answer: True
Question 19. The highest density of population occurs in Kerala.
Answer: False
Question 20. Census is conducted after every twelve years.
Answer: False
Class 10 Geography WBBSE India – Population Of India Fill In The Blanks:
Question 1. ______ is the most populous city of India.
Answer: Mumbai.
Question 2. According to the 2011 census, the percentage of literacy rate in India is _____.
Answer: 74.04%.
Question 3. The first synchronous census covering the entire country was conducted in ______.
Answer: 1881.
Question 4. The Decadal Growth Rate of India according to the 2011 census is _____.
Answer: 17.64%.
Question 5. The ratio between total population and total land area is called of population.
Answer: Density.
Question 6. The total population of India is _______.
Answer: 102 crores.
Question 7. is the most densely populated state.
Answer: West Bengal.
Question 8. The density of the population is India is ______.
Answer: 324 per sq. km.
Geography Class 10 West Bengal Board
Question 9. _______ is the most sparsely populated state.
Answer: Sikkim.
Question 10. Uttar Pradesh has the largest _______.
Answer: Population.
Question 11. Among the Union Territories ______ has the lowest population density.
Answer: Andaman and Nicobar Islands.
Question 12. Among Union Territories ________ has the highest density of population.
Answer: Delhi (Capital Province).
India – Population Of India Very Short Answer Type:
Question 1. Which is the most populous state of India?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh.
Question 2. What is the total population of India?
Answer: 1,21,01,93,422.
Question 3. What is the total number of males in India?
Answer: 62,37,24,248.
Question 4. What is the total number of females in India?
Answer: 58,64,69,174.
Question 5. In which year population growth rate was negative in India?
Answer: 1921.
Class 10 Geography WBBSE
Question 6. What is the annual population growth rate of India?
Answer: 1.41%.
Question 7. What is the decadal growth rate of India?
Answer: 17.64% (17.7% approx).
Question 8. What percentage of the population is in between 15-64 years?
Answer: 63.6%.
Question 9. What percentage of the population is of 65 years and above?
Answer: 5.3%.
Question 10. What is the total child population in India?
Answer: 15.8 million (15,87,89,287).
Question 11. What percentage of the population is dependent?
Answer: 52.36%.
Question 12. What is the literacy rate of India?
Answer: 74.04%.
Question 13. What is the literacy rate among males?
Answer: 82.14%.
Question 14. What is the literacy rate among females?
Answer: 65.46%.
Question 15. Which state has the highest number of literates?
Answer: Kerala.
Question 16. What is the unemployed population number per 1000 persons?
Answer: 38 persons.
Question 17. What is the average life expectancy rate in India?
Answer: 68.89 years.
Question 18. What is the life expectancy rate among males?
Answer: 67.46 years.
Question 19. What is the life expectancy rate among females?
Answer: 72.61 years.
Class 10 Geography WBBSE
Question 20. What is the child mortality rate?
Answer: 12.2%.
Question 21. What is the number of deaths per 1000 live births?
Answer: 40 deaths.
Question 22. What percentage of the population is in the primary sector?
Answer: 45%.
Question 23. What percentage of population is in the secondary sector?
Answer: 24%.
Question 24. What % of population is in service sector/tertiary sector?
Answer: 30%.
Question 25. Which was the fifteenth census of India?
Answer: Census of 2011.
India – Population Of India 2 Marks Questions And Answers:
Question 1. What is sustainable development?
Answer:
Sustainable development: Sustainable development refers to the process of meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of natural systems to provide resources and services upon which the economy and society depend. It is the organising principle for sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of future generations.
Question 2. What is urbanisation?
Answer: Urbanisation is the process of development of towns and cities from villages due to high growth rate of population, availability of modern facilities of livelihood and easier and better means of life. It is the process of conversion of rural areas into urban areas.
Question 3. How does urbanisation cause variation in a population?
Answer: Urban (city) areas with more civic amenities attract a larger number of people than the villages. So, urbanised areas like Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, etc. have population densities of over 6000 persons/sq.km.
Class 10 Geography WBBSE
Question 4. What do you mean by the growth rate of the population?
Answer: Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular area between two given points of time. The net change between two points of time is expressed in percentage and is described as the growth rate of the population.
Question 5. What is the natural growth of the population?
Answer: The difference between the natural birth rate and death rate is called the natural growth of the population.
Question 6. What is the migratory growth of the population?
Answer: This growth of population is caused by the migration of people.
Question 7. What do you mean by positive growth of population?
Answer: When the population increases between two given points of time, it is called positive growth. It takes place when the birth rate is higher than the death rate or people migrate from other countries.
Question 8. What do you mean by negative growth of population?
Answer: The growth of the population is called negative if the population decreases between two given points of time. It takes place if the birth rate is lower than the death rate or people migrate to other places.
Question 9. What do you mean by census?
Answer: A census is a procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about the members of a given population. It is a regularly occurring and official count of the particular population. The term is used mostly in connection with national population and housing censuses, other common censuses include agriculture, business and tra#tie censuses.
Geography Class 10 Solutions WBBSE India – Population Of India 3 Marks Questions And Answers:
Question 1. Why population density is very high in Ganga plain?
Answer: The Ganga plains of India have a high population density due to many reasons. The northern plains have been densely populated for centuries due to fertile land, availability of water and economic activities. Rivers like Ganga, and Yamuna provide large tracts of fertile land apart from water. Also, the terrain is not a difficult one to travel.
The moderate climate, and fertile land support extensive agriculture. The topography is good for transport and industries. Due to the availability of even fertile land and water, prefer settling in the northern plains as opposed to the desert areas of northwest India.
Question 2. What do you mean by population growth? What is sustainable development?
Answer:
Population Growth: Population growth refers to an increase in the number of people residing in a particular place over a particular period of time. It has direct effects on the socio-economic aspects of the country. The level of development, the economic status, the nature of utilisation of natural resources, etc. can be well-understood with the rate of population growth.
Sustainable development: Sustainable development refers to the process of meeting human development goals while sustaining the ability of the natural systems to provide resources and services upon which the economy and society depend. It is the organising principle for sustaining finite resources necessary to provide for the needs of future generations.
Geography Class 10 Solutions WBBSE
Question 3. What is the need for sustainable development?
Answer: Sustainable development is needed for the following reasons:
1. Maintain a balance between population and available resources.
2. Development of economic, social, cultural, ecological and geographical aspects of the country.
3. Eradication of poverty.
4. Maintain a balance between environment and development.
5. Eradication of social evils and indisciplines.
Question 4. Discuss the concept of density of population.
Answer: Concept of the density of population: The density of population is defined as the concentration of population per unit of land area. In other words, it is the ratio between the total population and total land area.
The total population of India according to the 2011 census is 1210.1 million living in a total area of 3.17 million square km.
The density of the population of India in 2011 is:
\(\begin{gathered}
\text { Total population } \\
\text { Total Area }
\end{gathered}=\frac{1210 \cdot 1}{3 \cdot 17}=382\) persons per sq.km
The density of the population is a much better indicator of the distribution pattern of the population than the absolute size of a population.
Question 5. State the causes of rapid population growth in India.
Answer: Causes of Rapid Population Growth in India: In the area, India ranks 7th in the world. The rapidly increasing population, therefore, poses a great problem to India.
There are many causes for the rapid population growth in India, such as:
1. High birth rate: Compared to developed and other developing countries, India has a high birth rate of population. This is the combined effect of illiteracy, lack of awareness, poverty, superstition, the influence of religion, the early age of marriage, etc.
2. Low death rate: Though the birth rate is high over a long period of time, the death rate was also high before due to a lack of medical facilities and welfare measures. This caused a low natural increase in population. So, the total population did not increase rapidly. Nowadays, with better medical facilities, welfare measures, improved communication facilities, and control of natural calamities like floods, epidemics, etc. the death rate has decreased. Thus, the continued high birth rate and lower death rate cause a greater natural increase in population. This causes the total population to increase rapidly.
3. High rate of immigration: Just after our independence large-scale immigration of people from our neighbouring countries immediately increased the population rapidly. Even today there is high illegal immigration into India.
4. Rise in economic standards and scientific and technological developments: In the last few decades, there has been a marked increase in agricultural production, industrialization, etc. which has increased the Indian standard of living. Deaths due to malnutrition are nearly unheard of today. Development in science and technology has enabled us to predict or detect natural calamities and take precautions in saving life and property. Indirectly these factors have caused an increase in the Indian population.
WBBSE Class 10 Geography Solutions India – Population Of India 5 Marks Questions And Answers:
Question 1. Discuss the causes of urbanisation in India.
Answer: Causes of Urbanisation in India: The different causes of urbanization in India are
1. Limited size of agricultural land: The limited size of agricultural land in India cannot provide employment to the whole rural population. Hence, unemployment, poverty and other problems push the rural population to the urban centres.
2. Change in thought: The mentality of rural people is also changing. They wish to settle in urban areas for educational facilities, trade, commerce, industrial jobs, etc.
3. Free lifestyle: Urban life is much more liberal and free from superstitions. Rural people thus tend to settle in urban areas.
4. Employment: The scope of employment is much higher and varied in urban areas. Hence, the rural population is attracted towards urban areas.
5. Entertainment: Urban areas have much more scope for entertainment and relaxation. This attracts much rural population.
Question 2. Discuss five reasons responsible for the uneven distribution of population in India.
Answer: The regional distribution of the population of India is characterised by its unevenness. There are certain factors that influence the distribution of the population.
Geography Class 10 Solutions WBBSE
They are as follows :
1. Terrain: Plain areas provide a flat, level or gently sloping land for agriculture, development of transport, industries, etc. and attract a large number of people as compared to inaccessible mountains. We, therefore find a higher concentration of population (more than half of India’s population) in the great northern plains of India.
2. Climate: Sparse population is noticed in the cold Himalayan mountains and in the Thar desert having extremes of temperature and dry climate. In India, monsoon rain plays a vital role in determining the concentration of people. The southwest monsoon rains decrease westwards along the Indo-Gangetic plain. The concentration of the population also follows this trend.
3. Soil: Fertile soil supports higher crop production. So, in India areas with fertile soil have a dense population. Therefore, river valleys, coastal plains, black soil regions of the Deccan plateau, etc. have a dense population.
4. Water bodies: A large number of people gather near the sources of water, which is very essential for the sustenance of life. In India, the river valleys, the coastal plains and the areas around lakes are, therefore, thickly populated.
5. Mineral Resources: Mining is an important occupation of people in India next to agriculture. So, a large number of people in India live in the Chotanagpur plateau of Jharkhand, the storehouse of minerals in India.
6. Industries: Industries are called the backbone of a country’s economy. They provide employment to a large number of people, and so, in India industrial areas in the states of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Jharkhand, Orissa, and West Bengal have a high concentration of population.
7. Transport: Population concentration is high in areas with a well-knit network of transport routes. Hence the Great Northern plains of India are thickly populated. Remote mountainous areas with poor transport facilities are sparsely populated.
8. Urbanisation: Urban (city) areas with more civic amenities attract a larger number of people than the villages. So, urbanised areas like Kolkata, Mumbai, Delhi, Chennai, Hyderabad, Chandigarh, etc. have population densities of over 6000 persons sq. km.
9. Historical and Political factors: After the partition of Bengal, the population of West Bengal grew up due to the influx of people from the other side of Bengal.
10. Religious influence: Varanasi, Mathura, Haridwar, Nabadweep, and Puri, the sacred religious centres of the Hindus, Agra of the Muslims and Amritsar of the Sikhs are densely populated due to religious factors.
Question 3. Discuss the causes of urbanisation. Or, Discuss the causes of the emergence of towns & cities by concentration or gathering of the population at locations favourable to human livelihood.
Answer: The main causes that repel rural growth and promote urbanisation in India are
1. Limited size of agricultural land: Since the total agricultural area of the country is limited, the rapidly growing population cannot be given employment in this field fully. Hence, unemployment, poverty and other problems push the excess population towards towns and cities.
2. Change in thought: The mentality of rural people is also changing. They wish to settle in urban areas for education facilities, trade, commerce, industrial jobs, and other traits of earning a livelihood.
3. Free lifestyle: Urban life is much more liberal and free from social or Rural people and thus tend to concentrate in urban areas.
4. Employment: The scope of employment is much higher and varied in urban areas. Hence much population is attracted towards towns and cities.
5. Education: The scope of higher education also attracts the population to urban areas.
6. Industrialisation: The growth of industries accelerates the growth of urban areas. People get greater scopes of earning more and raise their standard of living.
7. Entertainment: Urban areas have much more scope of entertainment and relaxation. This also helps to attract more population.
Question 4. What are the problems of urbanisation in India?
Answer: The major problems faced due to urbanisation in India are:
1. Unplanned growth of urban areas: Rapid concentration of population in urban areas led to unplanned and unsystematic growth of towns and cities. Also, such unplanned growth of urban areas is engulfing much amount of the agricultural land in the outskirts.
2. Accommodation: The rapidly growing population is difficult to house in the already existing urban areas. Hence, the growth of slums and downtrodden areas is seen in the fringes of towns and cities.
3. Availability of water: The amount of water available is not sufficient for the rapidly growing urban population. Hence, scarcity of water occurs.
4. Unemployment: A huge section of the population comes to urban areas in search of work. But all of them do not get employment. Hence, the total percentage of unemployed in the urban area increases.
5. Sewage and garbage disposal: The volume of disposable solid and liquid wastes is difficult to handle with the present sewage system of urban areas. Thus, water dumping and logging of drains occur in urban areas, especially in slum areas.
6. Insufficient transport, education, medical and other social facilities: The available transport, education, medical and other facilities are not enough for the rapidly growing urban population.
7. Pollution and environmental degradation: Over-population causes a high rate of pollution and misuse and over-use of resources cause environmental degradation.
Question 5. Write notes on the following ports of India:
1. Okha,
2. Porbandar,
3. Surat and
4. Haldia.
Answer:
1. Okha: It is located on the west coast of Gujarat. It has an excellent harbour. Gujarat and Rajasthan are its hinterlands. The principal items of import are coal, medicine, machinery, chemicals, steel goods, mineral oil, etc. The principal items of export are raw cotton, salt, cement, etc.
2. Porbandar: It is situated on Gujarat on the coast of the Arabian Sea. The port is mainly used for coastal trade. Large vessels cannot enter this port. The port imports mainly dates, timber, and coconut and exports cement and salt.
3. Surat: It is one of the oldest ports of Gujarat. It is situated on the west coast. Its importance has dwindled away with the rise of Bombay and Kandla ports.
4. Haldia: It is situated on the bank of the Haldi river in West Bengal and is 90 km south of Calcutta port. Some portions of West Bengal and Orissa are within the hinterland of this port. An oil refinery and a fertilizer plant have been constructed here.
Question 6. Name the principal ports of India. Where are they located? Mention their hinterlands and exports. Or, Mention the names of three important ports of India and describe their
1. Location,
2. Exports and imports.
Answer: The principal ports of India are Bombay, Calcutta, Madras, Visakhapatnam, Cochin, Kandla, New Mangalore, New Tuticorin, Murmangao, Paradip, etc. The following are the descriptions of the above-mentioned ports:
1. Bombay: It is situated on a small island in the Arabian Sea. It is the principal port and second largest city of India. It possesses a nice natural harbour. It owes its importance to its magnificent harbour and its position as the nearest Indian port to European countries. Large ships can take shelter safely at this port. It is connected with the mainland by roads and railways.
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It has a vast hinterland which includes the entire Maharashtra, Madhya Pradesh, Gujarat, Karnataka, Rajasthan and some portions of Andhra Pradesh. The cotton textiles and pieces of goods manufactured here are sent to different parts of India and the world. Cotton, manganese, leather, iron ore, sugar, and oilseeds are also exported from this port. Mineral oil, motor cars, raw cotton, machinery, cement, food grains, chemicals, etc. are imported through this port.
2. Calcutta: It is situated on the bank of the Hooghly river and is at a distance of the Bay of Bengal. It is the largest city and the second-largest port in India. It has an artificial harbour. The Hooghly river has been silted up at several places because of the slow current in the river. Small sand bars and islands have been formed at places up to the sea and constant dredging operation has become necessary to bring the vessels into the port. Expert pilots are also required to conduct the ships and, therefore, the cost of maintenance is high. The Farrakhan Barrage Project has been constructed to remove these difficulties.
Calcutta port has a vast hinterland. Its hinterland comprises of the whole West Bengal, Assam, Bihar, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, etc. Calcutta is connected with these states by means of railways and roads. Besides, along water routes from Calcutta, one can reach Northern India along the Ganga and Assam through Bangladesh along the Brahmaputra.
The hinterland of Calcutta is rich in agricultural, mineral and industrial products. Jute, steel, paper, engineering, aluminium and textile industries have grown up in the neighbourhood of Calcutta. Calcutta is the capital of West Bengal. It is the biggest jute textile centre in the world.
Oil, tea, coal and jute goods of Assam and West Bengal, tea, coal, iron ore, mica of Bihar, oil seeds, leather, sugar and cotton textile of Uttar Pradesh, iron ore and manganese of Orissa, etc. are exported through this port. Machinery, chemicals, mineral oil, paper, wheat, rice, motor cars and other finished industrial products are imported through this port from foreign countries.
3. Madras: It is situated on the east coast and is the third largest port in India. An artificial harbour consisting of an area of 80 hectares has been created in the sea along the coasts. Its hinterland comprises Tamil Nadu and a major portion of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh and some portions of Kerala. Its hinterlands are connected by means of railways and roads.
The port exports rice, leather goods, oilseeds, tobacco, hides and skins, tea, coffee, etc. It imports coal, mineral oil, paper, rice, spices, timber, wines, raw cotton, motor cars and other industrial products. Madras is the capital of Tamil Nadu. It is the main industrial business centre of the state.
4. Visakhapatnam: It is located in Andhra Pradesh on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. It is the main centre of the shipbuilding industry in India and it has the biggest ship-building yard in the country. It possesses a natural harbour. Some parts of the hinterland of Calcutta port are common to the hinterland of this port.
Some portions of Andhra Pradesh, Orissa, Madhya Pradesh, etc. constitute the hinterland of this port. Visakhapatnam exports manganese, oilseeds, iron ore, spices, ground nuts, and timber. It imports machinery, mineral oil, industrial goods, food grains, etc.
Geography Class 10 Solutions WBBSE
5. Cochin: It is one of the important ports of India. It is located in the state of Kerala and its hinterland includes the southern districts of Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. The principal items of export of this port are coconut oil, coir, rubber, spices, tea and coffee. Important items of import are foodgrains, mineral oil, coal machinery and other industrial products.
6. Kandla: It is situated in Gujarat along the eastern coast of the Gulf of Kutchchh. The port was constructed in 1951 by the Government of India. It has no supply of drinking water which is brought with the help of pipelines from the neighbouring areas.
Gujarat, Punjab, Delhi, Rajasthan and some parts of Madhya Pradesh are included within the hinterland of this port. It imports oil, raw cotton, machinery, medicines, chemicals, coal and other industrial products, and exports salt, cement, fish and chemicals.
7. New Mangalore: It is situated in Karnataka along the Malabar coast. Small ships have access to this port. Karnataka is the hinterland of this port. It exports tea, coffee, rice, iron ore, cashew nut, fish, rubber, etc. During the Fourth Five-Year Plan, this port was developed into a major port. About 20 lakh tonnes of iron ore from the Chitradurga region is exported through this port. It is mainly for the purpose of facilitating this export that the port was developed.
8. New Tuticorin: It is an important port in the southern part of Tamil Nadu. It is situated on the Coromandal coast at the extreme south-eastern point of the peninsula. Southern Tamil Nadu and Southern Kerala are its hinterlands. The harbour is shallow, constant dredging operations are, therefore, necessary. This port handles a large volume of trade with Sri Lanka. Cotton, tea, peppers, cardamours, onions and cattle are principal exports.
9. Murmagao: It is located between Bombay and Cochin at a distance of 8 km to the South of Goa along the Konkan coast. Some portions of Maharashtra and Karnataka are its hinterland. The port exports mainly manganese, coconut, groundnut, raw cotton, etc.
10. Paradip: This port is in Orissa state and situated on the coast of the Bay of Bengal. The port was constructed with the help of Japan for exporting iron ore mainly to that country.
