NEET Biology Class 9 Chapter 4 Why Do We Fall Ill Long Question And Answers

Why Do We Fall Ill Long Answer Questions

Directions: Give answer in four to fie sentences.

Question 1. How does the body defend against invasion?
Answer:

The human body has three lines of defense against invasion by microbes:

The Barriers Of Skin And Mucous Membranes

Nonspecific Internal Defenses, Including Phagocytosis, Killing By Natural Killer Cells, Inflammation, And Fever; And

NEET Biology Class 9 Why Do We Fall Ill Long Questions

The immune response. The skin physically blocks the entry of microbes into the body. The mucous membranes of the respiratory and digestive tracts secrete antibiotic substances, antibodies, and mucus that traps microbes. If microbes do enter the body, white blood cells travel to the site of entry and engulf the invading cells. Natural killer cells secrete proteins that kill infected or cancerous cells. Injuries stimulate the inflmmatory response, in which chemicals are released that attract phagocytic white blood cells, increase blood flw, and make capillaries leaky. Later, blood clots wall off the injury site. Fever is caused by endogenous pyrogens, chemicals released by white blood cells in response to infection. High temperatures inhibit bacterial growth and accelerate the immune response.

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Question 2. Write short note on bacterial disease.
Answer:

Common bacterial diseases discussed below are diarrhoea, typhoid, and tuberculosis etc. Diarrhoeal diseases are a group of intestinal infections, including food poisoning. The causative agents are mainly bacteria such as Staphylococcus, Clostridium, Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella etc. A protozoan Giardia and some viruses also act as causative agents. Infections of Diarrhoea spread through generally contaminated food, water, drinks etc. , and occasional contamination through fingers, clothes, bedsheets, utensils etc.

Symptoms:

• Common symptoms of diarrhoea infections include:
• Abnormally frequent discharge of semisolid or fluid fecal matter with or without blood mucus (i.e., diarrhoea).
• Diminished appetite.
• Abdominal cramps, nausea, and vomiting lead to dehydration.

Uses:

• The use of antidiarrhoeal antibiotics can treat the disease. Saline drip may be given intravenously to maintain flid and electrolytes in the body. Alternatively, oral rehydration solution (ORS) may be given to the patient periodically. Isabgol (husk of Plantago ovata seeds) should be given with curd to the patient to provide relief.
• Typhoid is a common bacterial disease caused by a rod-like bacterium, Salmonella typhi.
• Tuberculosis is caused by a bacterium, Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The bacterium commonly affects the lungs, where small tubercles are formed. It may also attack brain, intestine, eyes etc. The bacterium damages tissues and releases a toxin called tuberculin which produces the disease.
• Malaria is a very serious disease of the tropical and sub-tropical regions especially in Africa and Asia.
• Malaria is caused by the toxins produced in the human body by the malarial parasite Plasmodium.

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Question 3. List various causes of diseases.
Answer: The means of spread or cause of communicable diseases are different for different pathogens.

1. The disease-causing microorganisms (pathogens) are transmitted from infected person to healthy person(s) directly by physical contact with infected person. The pathogens of diseases like chicken pox, smallpox, ringworm etc. are spread through physical contact with an infected person or through articles of use.
2. Few infectious diseases such as syphilis, gonorrhea (both caused by bacteria), and AIDS (caused by a virus) are transmitted by sexual contact from one partner to the other.
3. Many pathogens can enter the human body from the soil through injuries (e.g. tetanus).
4. Communicable diseases can also spread through the animal bites. For example, the rabies virus enters the human body by the bite of rabid dog or monkey to cause rabies.
5. Indirect transmissions involve the spread of pathogens of some diseases through some intermediate agents. Indirect transmission occurs through air.
6. The infected person throws out little droplets while sneezing, coughing or spitting. Someone standing close by can breathe in these droplets and, thus, microbes get a chance to start a new infection in this person.
7. Many animals living with us carry the infecting agents from an infected person to another potential host. These animals act as intermediaries and are termed vectors. The vectors are, therefore, the carriers of the disease-causing pathogens. The most common vectors are the insects.

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Question 4. Write about various preventive measures to cure infectious diseases.
Answer:

While treating an infectious disease, the following three limitations are normally confronted:

1. Once a person suffers from a disease, his body functions are impaired and may never recover completely.
2. As treatment takes time, the patient is confined to bed for some time.
3. The infected person serves as a potential source of spread of this infectious disease to other persons in the community.
4. Keeping in view these limitations, the prevention of diseases is considered far better than their cure. Preventing measures are precautionary steps taken to check the transmission of infectious diseases.

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Question 5. Write an account about acute and chronic diseases.
Answer:

Acute diseases: These diseases last for only short periods of time and are severe. Acute diseases do not cause long-term bad effects on our health. Examples of acute diseases are colds, coughs, typhoid, cholera, etc.

Chronic diseases: These diseases last for a long time, even as much as a lifetime. Chronic diseases have drastic long-term effects on patient’s health. Examples of chronic diseases are diabetes, tuberculosis, elephantiasis, cardiovascular diseases, arthritis, cancer, etc. Elephantiasis is very common in some parts of India.

Question 6. What are the basic conditions for good health?
Answer:

The basic conditions for good health are:

1. A properly balanced and nutritious diet
2. Personal hygiene
3. Clean surroundings and a clean environment
4. Regular rest
5. Proper rest
6. Good economic status

NEET Biology Class 9 Chapter 4 Long Answer Type Questions with Solutions

Question 7. State the mode of transmission for the following diseases. Malaria, AIDS, Jaundice, Typhoid, Cholera, Rabies, Tuberculosis, Diarrhoea, Hepatitis. Influenza.
Answer:

Why Do We Fall Ill Class 9 NEET Descriptive Questions

Question 8. Name the micro-organisms that cause infectious disease and name a few diseases caused by each microorganism.
Answer: